ArticleInternational journal of dermatology2024
Retrospective assessment of immunologic and histologic heterogeneity in granuloma annulare by cytokine staining.
Article in International journal of dermatology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reactive granulomatous dermatitis arising in the setting of interleukin-17 inhibition successfully treated with tofacitinib.JAAD case reports · 2026Article
- Jak1 Inhibition Is Sufficient for Treatment of Granuloma Annulare.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundType 1 (Th1) and Type 2 (Th2) immunity have both been implicated in granuloma annulare (GA). To what extent these pathways contribute to clinical/histologic heterogeneity and/or distinct disease endotypes remains unexplored.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 30 GA biopsies with either palisaded or interstitial histology with and without eosinophils. We performed RNA in situ hybridization to assess how markers of Type 1 (interferon gamma), Type 2 (interleukin [IL]4, IL13, IL5), and Type 3 (IL17A) immunity in GA compared with canonical inflammatory disorders and whether markers correlated with histology. We analyzed another cohort of 14 patients who had multiple biopsies across anatomic space and time for individual conservation of histologic features.
resultsInterferon (IFN)G staining is highest in GA relative to other cytokines. Type 2 cytokine staining is less prominent, with IL4 increased in interstitial pattern cases. Eosinophils did not correlate with Type 2 markers. Patients with multiple biopsies display intrapatient variability in histology.
conclusionType 1 inflammation predominates over Type 2 inflammation in GA irrespective of histologic pattern. Distinct disease endotypes were not detected.
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