ReviewThe journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences2024
Estimating Muscle Mass Using D3-Creatine Dilution: A Narrative Review of Clinical Implications and Comparison With Other Methods.
Review in The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Feasibility, acceptability and prognostic value of muscle mass and strength measurement in patients with hip fracture: a systematic review.European geriatric medicine · 2024Pooled it
- [Sarcopenia: diagnosis, clinical implications, and treatment].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Examining the relationship between D3Cr muscle mass, physical performance, and functional limitation in postmenopausal women.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2026Article
- Extracellular water may increase with age and be independently and negatively associated with muscle strength and physical function in older adults: A cross-sectional study.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Lean Mass and Musculoskeletal Preservation in GLP-1-Based Obesity Treatment: Nutrition, Exercise, Supplementation, and Monitoring Strategies.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Muscle Imaging Assessments in Sarcopenia: A Statement from China National Center for Orthopedics (NCO) and the East Meets West Action Group of the European Calcified Tissue Society (ECTS).Calcified tissue international · 2025Review
- Sarcopenia and Cachexia in Older Patients with Cancer: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Impact on Outcomes, and Management Strategies.Drugs & aging · 2025Review
- Evolving Insights Regarding Biomarkers to Better Manage Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease.The journal of applied laboratory medicine · 2025Review
- Novel Algorithm to Estimate Fat-Free Muscle Volumes in Women Using the Urinary Deuterated-Creatine Dilution Method.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Methodological standards for body composition-an expert-endorsed guide for research and clinical applications: levels, models, and terminology.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Review
- Novel Algorithm to Estimate Fat-Free Muscle Volumes in Women Using the Urinary Deuterated-Creatine Dilution Method.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of aging: from molecules and surrogates to physiology and function.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Fat-Free Mass: Friend or Foe to Metabolic Health?Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Review
- Skeletal Muscle mRNA Splicing Variants Association With Four Different Fitness and Energetic Measures in the GESTALT Study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Article
- Multi-channel EMG manifestations of upper-extremity muscle coordination imbalance among community-dwelling sarcopenic seniors.Biomedical engineering online · 2024Article
- Sarcopenia.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
- The prevalence patterns and risk factor profiles of poor muscle health and its associated components in multiethnic older Asians: The PIONEER study.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe D3-creatine (D3-Cr) dilution method is of emerging interest for estimating total-body skeletal muscle mass. This review explores the association of muscle mass estimated via D3-Cr with various clinical outcomes and provides a summary of the literature comparing D3-Cr with other body composition techniques.
methodsA literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE and Web of Science for studies using D3-Cr to measure muscle in adult populations (ie, ≥18 years old) from inception until September 2023.
resultsOut of the 23 included studies, 15 investigated the correlation between D3-Cr and clinical outcomes. More consistent associations were reported for mortality (100%, n = 2), mobility disability (100%; n = 5), falls and fractures (100%; n = 3), physical performance (63.3%; n = 11), muscle strength (44.4%; n = 9), and muscle composition (33.3%; n = 3). However, conflicting findings were also reported for such correlations. Among the 23 studies, 14 compared D3-Cr-estimated muscle with other body composition techniques, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference method. Strong and positive correlations were found between D3-Cr and MRI. Nonetheless, variations in muscle measurements were noted, with differences in D3-Cr values ranging from 0.62 kg lower to 13.47 kg higher compared to MRI.
conclusionsD3-Cr-estimated muscle mass may be a valuable predictor of clinical outcomes showing consistent associations with falls and fractures, mobility disability, and mortality. However, less consistent associations were found with muscle strength and composition, and physical performance. Although a strong correlation exists between D3-Cr-estimated muscle mass and MRI measurements, under- or overestimation may occur.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.