ArticlePloS one2023
Morphological changes of macular neovascularization during long-term anti-VEGF-therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Automated measurement of macular neovascularization lesion size in nAMD using AI segmentation.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for extrafoveal macular neovascularisation secondary to age-related macular degeneration: five-year results in a tertiary centre.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Submacular tissue repair and fibrosis in neovascular macular degeneration: A predictable outcome secondary to a chronic age-related endotheliopathy.Molecular vision · 2026Review
- Morphologic changes of the double-layer sign during anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.International ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Quantification of Macular OCT Alterations Improves the Diagnostic Performance of Artificial Intelligence Models.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Updates on novel and traditional OCT and OCTA biomarkers in nAMD.Eye (London, England) · 2025Review
- Hyperreflective material evolution patterns during long term anti-VEGF therapy in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2025Article
- Retinal sensitivity above macular neovascularization under anti-VEGF therapy in exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Fibrosis in age-related neovascular macular degeneration in the anti-VEGF era.Eye (London, England) · 2024Review
- Genetic Risk and OCT-Based Phenotypic Associations in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo analyze the morphological changes of macular neovascularization (MNV) in exudative neovascular age-related macular degeneration under long-term intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy in a retrospective cohort study. METHODS AND PATIENTS: We evaluated 143 nAMD eyes of 94 patients (31 male, 63 female; initial age 55-97 y, mean age 75.9 ± 7.5 y), who started anti-VEGF therapy (IVAN pro re nata (PRN) protocol) between 2009-2018 and received ongoing therapy until the last recorded visit (mean follow-up 5.3 ± 2.9 y, range 1-14 y). The mean total number of injections was 33.3 ± 19.8 with 7.0 ± 2.3 injections/year. MNV size and, if present, associated complete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina atrophy (cRORA) size were measured on optical coherence tomography (OCT) volume scans at the initial visit and for each year of follow-up. MNV and cRORA were identified on B-scans and their respective borders were manually transposed onto the en-face near infrared image and measured in mm2.
resultsMNV enlarged through follow-up, with a mean growth rate of 1.24 mm2 / year. The mean growth in MNV size was independent of initial MNV size, age, gender, MNV subtypes or number of injections per year. Nevertheless, a great interindividual variation in size and growth was observed. cRORA developed in association with increasing MNV size and its incidence increased linearly over follow-up. cRORA lesions also showed continuous growth by a rate of 1.22 mm2 / year.
conclusionsDespite frequent long-term anti-VEGF therapy, we observed ongoing MNV growth. This is consistent with the concept that the development of MNV may be a physiological biological repair mechanism to preserve RPE and photoreceptor function, provided hyperpermeability and fluid exudation are controlled. Whether recurring low VEGF levels or other factors are responsible for MNV growth remains controversial.
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