ArticleCancer medicine2024
Immune cells within tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with progression-free survival in patients with locoregional recurrent breast cancer.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: formation, immune functions and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune-related genetic single-nucleotide polymorphisms contribute to prognosis and response to chemotherapy in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2025Article
- Melanoma-associated fibroblasts in tumor-promotion flammation and antitumor immunity: novel mechanisms and potential immunotherapeutic strategies.Human molecular genetics · 2024Review
- Immune cells within tertiary lymphoid structures are associated with progression-free survival in patients with locoregional recurrent breast cancer.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionLocoregional recurrent breast cancers have a poor prognosis. Little is known about the prognostic impact of immune microenvironment, and tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in particular have not been reported. Thus, we aimed to characterize the immune microenvironment in locoregional recurrent breast tumors and to investigate its relationship with prognosis.
methodsWe retrospectively included 112 patients with locoregional recurrent breast cancer, and hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, CD38, and CD68) were performed on locoregional recurrent tumor samples. The association of immune cells and TLSs with progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by survival analysis.
resultsWe found more immune cells in the peritumor than stroma. After grouping according to estrogen receptor (ER) status, a low level of peritumoral CD3+ cells in ER+ subgroup (p = 0.015) and a low level of stromal CD68+ cells in ER- subgroup (p = 0.047) were both associated with longer PFS. TLSs were present in 68% of recurrent tumors, and CD68+ cells within TLSs were significantly associated with PFS as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.035). TLSs and immune cells (CD3, CD38, and CD68) within TLSs were associated with longer PFS in ER- recurrent tumors (p = 0.044, p = 0.012, p = 0.050, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas CD38+ cells within TLSs were associated with shorter PFS in ER+ recurrent tumors (p = 0.037).
conclusionOur study proposes potential predictors for the clinical prognosis of patients with locoregional recurrent breast cancer, emphasizing the prognostic value of immune cells within TLSs, especially CD68+ cells.
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