Is Stress Relaxation in Sea Cucumber Dermis Chemoelastic?

Echinoderms, such as sea cucumbers, have the remarkable property of changing the stiffness of their dermis according to the surrounding chemical environments. When sea cucumber dermal specimens are constantly strained, stress decays exponentially with time. Such stress relaxation is a hallmark of visco-elastic mechanical behavior. In this paper, in contrast, we attempted to interpret stress relaxation from the chemoelasticity viewpoint. We used a finite element model for the microstructure of the sea cucumber dermis. We varied stiffness over time and framed such changes against the first-order reactions of the interfibrillar matrix. Within this hypothetical scenario, we found that stress relaxation would then occur primarily due to fast crosslink splitting between the chains and a much slower macro-chain scission, with characteristic reaction times compatible with relaxation times measured experimentally. A byproduct of the model is that the concentration of undamaged macro-chains in the softened state is low, less than 10%, which tallies with physical intuition. Although this study is far from being conclusive, we believe it opens an alternative route worthy of further investigation.