ArticleCancer medicine2024
Pan-cancer analysis of TIM-3 transcriptomic expression reveals high levels in pancreatic cancer and interpatient heterogeneity.
Article in Cancer medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- NKG2A-HLA-E and TIM3-galectin 9 pathways promote immune inhibition and represent therapeutic vulnerabilities in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- PD-L2 Landscape and Correlation with Outcome: An Immunomic Analysis.JCO oncology advances · 2026Article
- Cracking the resistance code: The molecular reclassification of cancer and precision therapy strategies.Seminars in cancer biology · 2025Review
- Pan-Cancer Landscape of B- and T-Lymphocyte Attenuator: Implications for Potential Immunotherapy Combinations.JCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- Tumor immune microenvironment alterations associated with progression in human intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.The Journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Lessons learned from a decade of immune checkpoint inhibition: The good, the bad, and the ugly.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2025Review
- Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- TLR9: A Double-Dealing Toll-Like Receptor.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
- ICOS and ICOS ligand: expression patterns and outcomes in oncology patients.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2025Article
- Pan-cancer analysis of TIM-3 transcriptomic expression reveals high levels in pancreatic cancer and interpatient heterogeneity.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundT-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (TIM-3), an immune checkpoint receptor, dampens immune function. TIM-3 antagonists have entered the clinic.
methodsWe analyzed TIM-3 transcriptomic expression in 514 diverse cancers. Transcript abundance was normalized to internal housekeeping genes and ranked (0-100 percentile) to a reference population (735 tumors; 35 histologies [high≥75 percentile rank]). Ninety tumors (17.5%) demonstrated high TIM-3 expression.
resultsTIM-3 expression varied between and within tumor types. However, high TIM-3 expression was more common in pancreatic cancer (20/55 tumors, 36.4%; odds ratio, 95% confidence interval (pancreatic vs. other tumors) = 3.176 (1.733-5.818; p < 0.001, multivariate]). High TIM-3 also significantly and independently correlated with high PD-L1 (p = 0.014) and high CTLA-4 (p < 0.001) transcriptomic expression (multivariate).
conclusionsThese observations indicate that TIM-3 RNA expression is heterogeneous, but more common in pancreatic cancer and in tumors exploiting PD-L1 and CTLA-4 checkpoints. Clinical trials with patient selection for matched immune-targeted combinations may be warranted.
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