ReviewBiology2023
Immune Escape in Glioblastoma: Mechanisms of Action and Implications for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and CAR T-Cell Therapy.
Review in Biology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Ultrasound-Enhanced Drug Delivery in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology: A New Therapeutic Strategy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Dual-Function Lipid-Based Nanovector Strategy for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy: STING Activation and M1 Microglia Polarization.Drug development research · 2026Review
- Natural Product 4-Acetylantroquinonol B Enhances NK Cell-Mediated Immunity Against Glioblastoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of Cisplatin in combination with Sintilimab and Niraparib in patients with advanced solid tumors: A phase Ib study.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2026Article
- Circular RNAs in cancer: from biomarkers to vaccine-based immunotherapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting regulatory T cells in glioblastoma: from mechanistic insights to novel immunotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A novel immunocytokine promotes T cell- and cytokine-induced killer cell-mediated antitumor immunity via a non-MHC-restricted mechanism in glioblastoma.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Patients with Brain Metastases from Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Emerging Mechanisms and Personalized Clinical Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Glioblastoma: A Risk Score Model for TMZ Resistance and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Biology · 2025Article
- Immune Resistance in Glioblastoma: Understanding the Barriers to ICI and CAR-T Cell Therapy.Cancers · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Analysis IdentifiesCells · 2025Article
- Predictive role of peripheral blood indicators in the prognosis of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Elevated Serum IL-6 as a Negative Prognostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma: Integrating Bioinformatics and Clinical Validation.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Immunophenotypic Profile of Adult Glioblastoma IDH-Wildtype Microenvironment: A Cohort Study.Cancers · 2024Article
- Pentraxin 3: A Main Driver of Inflammation and Immune System Dysfunction in the Tumor Microenvironment of Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2024Review
- Causal effects of immune cells in glioblastoma: a Bayesian Mendelian Randomization study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Immunoediting Dynamics in Glioblastoma: Implications for Immunotherapy Approaches.Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer CenterReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma, the most common primary brain cancer in adults, is characterized by a poor prognosis and resistance to standard treatments. The advent of immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of several cancers in recent years but has failed to demonstrate benefit in patients with glioblastoma. Understanding the mechanisms by which glioblastoma exerts tumor-mediated immune suppression in both the tumor microenvironment and the systemic immune landscape is a critical step towards developing effective immunotherapeutic strategies. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of immune escape mechanisms in glioblastoma that compromise the efficacy of immunotherapies, with an emphasis on immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. In parallel, we review data from preclinical studies that have identified additional therapeutic targets that may enhance overall treatment efficacy in glioblastoma when administered alongside existing immunotherapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.