ArticleeLife2023
Microglia facilitate and stabilize the response to general anesthesia via modulating the neuronal network in a brain region-specific manner.
Article in eLife, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cellular and Microcircuit Mechanisms of Anesthetic Disruption of Conscious-State Organization.Cells · 2026Review
- Mr BMT Achieves Systemic Macrophage Replacement With Preservation of Tissue Homeostasis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Astrocyte-to-microglia purinergic signaling mediates synaptic shielding and promotes neuronal activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Microglia-dependent regulation of fear memory extinction.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Microglia-Neuron Crosstalk: An Intimate Molecular Conversation in Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Synergistic Neuroprotection of FeInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Neuronal activity in the cortex of mice under anesthesia depend on the type of anesthetic drug.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Article
- Review
- Astrocyte morphological remodeling regulates consciousness state transitions induced by inhaled general anesthesia.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing molecular plant breeding through genetic engineering of in vivo haploid induction genes.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- PTEN as a prognostic factor for radiotherapy plus immunotherapy response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Chemogenetic activation of microglial Gi signaling decreases microglial surveillance and impairs neuronal synchronization.Science advances · 2025Article
- Unexpected role of microglia and P2YPurinergic signalling · 2024Article
- Neural Network Mechanisms Underlying General Anesthesia: Cortical and Subcortical Nuclei.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Review
- A Neuronal Activity-Boosting Microglial Function in Post-Anesthetic Emergence: How Microglial-Neuronal Crosstalk May Alter States of Consciousness.Neuroscience bulletin · 2024Article
- Myelin modulates the process of isoflurane anesthesia through the regulation of neural activity.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2024Article
- Noninvasive Light Flicker Stimulation Promotes Optic Nerve Regeneration by Activating Microglia and Enhancing Neural Plasticity in Zebrafish.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Immunology reshapes neuroscience, and neuroscience reshapes immunology.Fundamental research · 2024Article
- Maestros of anesthesia.eLife · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
General anesthesia leads to a loss of consciousness and an unrousable state in patients. Although general anesthetics are widely used in clinical practice, their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. The potential involvement of nonneuronal cells is unknown. Microglia are important immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play critical roles in CNS function and dysfunction. We unintentionally observed delayed anesthesia induction and early anesthesia emergence in microglia-depleted mice. We found that microglial depletion differentially regulates neuronal activities by suppressing the neuronal network of anesthesia-activated brain regions and activating emergence-activated brain regions. Thus, microglia facilitate and stabilize the anesthesia status. This influence is not mediated by dendritic spine plasticity. Instead, it relies on the activation of microglial P2Y12 and subsequent calcium influx, which facilitates the general anesthesia response. Together, we elucidate the regulatory role of microglia in general anesthesia, extending our knowledge of how nonneuronal cells modulate neuronal activities.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.