ArticleBiological psychiatry global open science2024
Investigating the Relationship Between Smoking Behavior and Global Brain Volume.
Article in Biological psychiatry global open science, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Association Between Chronic Tobacco Smoking and Brain Alterations in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Studies.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Bidirectional genetic and phenotypic links between smoking and striatal iron content involving dopaminergic and inflammatory pathways.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Article
- Association of epigenetic age acceleration with MRI biomarkers of aging and Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Interconnected Pathways of Alzheimer's Disease and Osteoporosis: A Review of Genetic, Hormonal, and Environmental Influences.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Correlation of N-acetylaspartyl glutamate level in the medial prefrontal cortex with FTND and daily smoking amounts in adult cigarette smokers.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Neuroanatomical Variability and Substance Use Initiation in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Alcohol, smoking, and brain structure: common or substance specific associations.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches in Lifespan Brain Age Prediction: A Comprehensive Review.Tomography (Ann Arbor, Mich.) · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Previous studies have shown that brain volume is negatively associated with cigarette smoking, but there is an ongoing debate about whether smoking causes lowered brain volume or a lower brain volume is a risk factor for smoking. We address this debate through multiple methods that evaluate directionality: Bradford Hill's criteria, which are commonly used to understand a causal relationship in epidemiological studies, and mediation analysis. Methods: In 32,094 participants of European descent from the UK Biobank dataset, we examined the relationship between a history of daily smoking and brain volumes, as well as an association of genetic risk score to ever smoking with brain volume. Results: A history of daily smoking was strongly associated with decreased brain volume, and a history of heavier smoking was associated with a greater decrease in brain volume. The strongest association was between total gray matter volume and a history of daily smoking (effect size = -2964 mm Conclusions: A history of daily smoking is strongly associated with a decreased total brain volume.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.