ArticleTemperature (Austin, Tex.)2023
Women have a greater cardiac vagal withdrawal to heat stress compared to men.
Article in Temperature (Austin, Tex.), 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-analysis of heat-induced changes in cardiac function from over 400 laboratory-based heat exposure studies.Nature communications · 2025Pooled it
- Radon balneotherapy in rheumatologic diseases: potential mechanisms and implications for cardiovascular autonomic control and inflammation.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Review
- A temperature-controlled mattress cover is associated with improved subjective sleep in elite male Australian-rules football athletes: A 14-night parallel-group field study.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Article
- Exposure to heat at work: development of a quantitative European job exposure matrix (heat JEM).Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2026Article
- Gender-specific impact of stress and adiposity on autonomic stress modulation in teachers.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Blunted cardiac autonomic dynamics to active standing test in postmenopausal women.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The heated environment shifts the sympatho-vagal balance toward sympathetic predominance and vagal withdrawal. Women's heart is more reliant on vagal autonomic control, while men's heart is more dependent on sympathetic control. However, sex differences in cardiovascular autonomic responses to heat stress remain unknown. We aimed to investigate the cardiovascular autonomic regulation under heat stress between sexes. Thirty-two young participants (27 ± 4 years old; 16 women) were enrolled in a single visit, resting for 30min at baseline (thermal reference condition TC; ∼24°C) and 30min under a heated environment (HOT; ∼38°C). Blood pressure (BP), skin temperature, electrocardiogram, and respiratory oscillations were continuously recorded. The heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by spectral analysis (low-frequency [LFnu; sympathetic and vagal] and high-frequency [HFnu; vagal]), and symbolic analysis (0 V% [sympathetic] and 2UV%, and 2LV% [vagal]). The spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) was calculated by the gain between BP and R-R within the LF band (αLF). The estimated maximal aerobic capacity and body surface area were employed as covariates in sex comparisons. The effects of HOT were the following: 1) Women have a greater cardiac vagal withdrawal to heat stress compared to men; 2) Sex differences on cardiac autonomic response to heat stress exist after controlling for the effect of estimated physical fitness and body surface area. Therefore, heat stress provokes a higher vagal withdrawal to the heart in women compared to men. It could be attributed to sex
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