SynthesisFrontiers in endocrinology2023
Association between the triglyceride glucose index and diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The triglyceride-glucose index as a biomarker of diabetic retinopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic and prognostic value of triglyceride glucose index: a comprehensive evaluation of meta-analysis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Pooled it
- Triglyceride-glucose index and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Pooled it
- Correlation analysis of serum SIRT4, CTRP5, and galectin-3 levels with the prognosis of diabetic retinopathy patients.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance across major dementias: A comprehensive narrative review of the TyG index as a predictive marker.Metabolism open · 2026Review
- Intermittent Fasting and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: Retrospective Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Utility of Surrogate Markers for Insulin Resistance: Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index in Identifying Metabolic Syndrome Among Adults from Resource-limited Settings.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Correlation analysis of serum glycosylphosphatidylinositol mannosyltransferase 1 (GMP1) levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2026Article
- Diabetic retinopathy: why some eyes suffer more - a focus on retina-specific risk factors and metabolic memory.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Designing and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses in ophthalmology.Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal · 2026Review
- Predictive value of triglyceride-glucose index and sex hormone-binding globulin in diabetic retinopathy.International journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Association Between Cardiometabolic Index and Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- The triglyceride-glucose index for diabetic retinopathy prediction in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a preliminary cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Associations of triglyceride-glucose-related indices and cardiovascular health with retinal arteriosclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Predictive value of the Triglyceride-Glucose index in diabetic macular edema: A comparative analysis with HbA1c.Journal of diabetes and metabolic disorders · 2025Article
- Triglyceride-glucose index in diabetic chronic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- The Mechanisms of Inflammatory Factors and the Total Load of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease in Diabetic Retinopathy and Cognitive Impairment.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2025Article
- Article
- Sociodemographic, Lifestyle, and Social Isolation Correlates of TyG, METS-IR, and SPISE-IR Scores in a Large Spanish Working Population.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relationship between triglyceride-glucose index and all-cause mortality in older adults with sarcopenic obesity.Metabolism open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an accessible and reliable surrogate indicator of insulin resistance and is strongly associated with diabetes. However, its relationship with diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between the TyG index and the prevalence of DR. Initial studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) electronic databases. The retrieval time range was from the establishment of the database to June 2023. Pooled estimates were derived using a random-effects model and reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two researchers independently assessed the methodological quality of the included studies. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS) was utilized to assess cohort studies or case-control studies. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) methodology checklist was applied to assess cross-sectional studies. Ten observational studies encompassing 13716 patients with type 2 diabetes were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed that a higher TyG index increased the risk of DR compared with a low TyG index (OR: 2.34, 95% CI: 1.31-4.19, P < 0.05). When the index was analyzed as a continuous variable, consistent results were observed (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.97, P < 0.005). There was no significant effect on the results of the sensitivity analyses excluding one study at a time (P all < 0.05). A higher TyG index may be associated with an increased prevalence of DR in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, high-quality cohort or case-control studies are needed to further substantiate this evidence. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42023432747.
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