ArticleBiology of sex differences2023
Univariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume within essential language-processing areas.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundSex differences in language-related abilities have been reported. It is generally assumed that these differences stem from a different organization of language in the brains of females and males. However, research in this area has been relatively scarce, methodologically heterogeneous and has yielded conflicting results.
methodsUnivariate and multivariate sex differences and similarities in gray matter volume (GM
resultsWhen not adjusted for total intracranial volume (TIV) variation, "large" univariate sex differences (males > females) were found in all 18 brain areas considered. In contrast, "small" differences (females > males) in just two of these brain areas were found when controlling for TIV. The two multivariate methods tested provided very similar results. Multivariate sex differences surpassed univariate differences, yielding "large" differences indicative of larger volumes in males when calculated from raw GM
conclusionsOur results confirm and extend previous findings about univariate sex differences in language-processing areas, offering unprecedented evidence at the multivariate level. We also observed that the size and direction of these differences vary quite substantially depending on whether they are estimated from raw or TIV-adjusted GM
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