Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38129420›Full record

ArticleNature communications2023

Physics-aware differentiable design of magnetically actuated kirigami for shape morphing.

Liwei Wang, Yilong Chang, Shuai Wu, Ruike Renee Zhao, Wei Chen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Multifunctional and Reprogrammable Magnetoactive Graphene Oxide Origami.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. 3D Hyperbolic Kirigami Metamaterials With Tunable Auxeticity and Multistability.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  7. FromMaterials today. Bio · 2025
    Review
  8. A Hollow Shell-Lattice Soft Robot in Flexible Pipelines with Flowing Fluids.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Liwei WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2777-9718
Yilong ChangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Shuai WuDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6745-5558
Ruike Renee ZhaoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9292-5267
Wei ChenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. weichen@northwestern.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4653-7124

Funding

National Science Foundation (NSF) CMMI-2145601National Science Foundation (NSF) CMMI 2227641United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research) AFOSR YIP, FA9550-23-1-0262
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Shape morphing that transforms morphologies in response to stimuli is crucial for future multifunctional systems. While kirigami holds great promise in enhancing shape-morphing, existing designs primarily focus on kinematics and overlook the underlying physics. This study introduces a differentiable inverse design framework that considers the physical interplay between geometry, materials, and stimuli of active kirigami, made by soft material embedded with magnetic particles, to realize target shape-morphing upon magnetic excitation. We achieve this by combining differentiable kinematics and energy models into a constrained optimization, simultaneously designing the cuts and magnetization orientations to ensure kinematic and physical feasibility. Complex kirigami designs are obtained automatically with unparalleled efficiency, which can be remotely controlled to morph into intricate target shapes and even multiple states. The proposed framework can be extended to accommodate various active systems, bridging geometry and physics to push the frontiers in shape-morphing applications, like flexible electronics and minimally invasive surgery.

Identifiers

PMID38129420
PMCPMC10739944

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.