Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38129376›Full record

ArticleNature communications2023

Revealing hidden patterns in deep neural network feature space continuum via manifold learning.

Md Tauhidul Islam, Zixia Zhou, Hongyi Ren, Masoud Badiei Khuzani, Daniel Kapp, James Zou, Lu Tian, Joseph C Liao, Lei Xing

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Md Tauhidul Islam *Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-632X
Zixia Zhou *Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9939-0234
Hongyi RenDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Masoud Badiei KhuzaniDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Daniel KappDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
James ZouDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8880-4764
Lu TianDepartment of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
Joseph C LiaoDepartment of Urology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. jliao@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2448-5463
Lei XingDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA. lei@stanford.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2536-5359

Funding

Dual Modality X-ray Luminescence CT for in vivo Cancer ImagingR01CA227713 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XING, LEI · 2019 to 2023
$2.9M
Radioluminescence dosimetry solution for precision radiation therapyR01CA223667 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XING, LEI · 2018 to 2022
$2.4M
Intraoperative integration of artificial intelligence during cystoscopic surgeryR01CA260426 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI JOSEPH C LIAO, Lei Xing · 2022 to 2026
$2.3M
Leveraging deep learning for markerless motion management in radiation therapyR01CA256890 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI XING, LEI · 2021 to 2025
$2.1M
High-performance deep neural networks for medical image analysisR00LM014309 · NLM · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Md Tauhidul Islam · 2025 to 2026
$492k
High-performance deep neural networks for medical image analysisK99LM014309 · NLM · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI ISLAM, MD TAUHIDUL · 2023 to 2024
$178k
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA223667NCI NIH HHS R01 CA227713NCI NIH HHS R01 CA256890NCI NIH HHS R01 CA260426NLM NIH HHS K99 LM014309NLM NIH HHS R00 LM014309
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Deep neural networks (DNNs) extract thousands to millions of task-specific features during model training for inference and decision-making. While visualizing these features is critical for comprehending the learning process and improving the performance of the DNNs, existing visualization techniques work only for classification tasks. For regressions, the feature points lie on a high dimensional continuum having an inherently complex shape, making a meaningful visualization of the features intractable. Given that the majority of deep learning applications are regression-oriented, developing a conceptual framework and computational method to reliably visualize the regression features is of great significance. Here, we introduce a manifold discovery and analysis (MDA) method for DNN feature visualization, which involves learning the manifold topology associated with the output and target labels of a DNN. MDA leverages the acquired topological information to preserve the local geometry of the feature space manifold and provides insightful visualizations of the DNN features, highlighting the appropriateness, generalizability, and adversarial robustness of a DNN. The performance and advantages of the MDA approach compared to the existing methods are demonstrated in different deep learning applications.

Identifiers

PMID38129376
PMCPMC10739971

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.