SynthesisEuropean journal of endocrinology2024
Gonadotropins for pubertal induction in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European journal of endocrinology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Boosting Male Fertility: The Impact of Gonadotropin Therapy on Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Andrology · 2026Pooled it
- Reversal of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Gonadotropin Therapy for Mini-Puberty Induction in Male Infants With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Translational interdisciplinary research on human chorionic gonadotropin's enhancement of neuroendocrine crosstalk: a novel medical hypothesis for systemic adjunctive treatment of psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Comparison of outcomes between pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone and combined gonadotropin therapy of spermatogenesis in patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2025Trial
- Managing growth and puberty concerns in individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Updated guidance and future directions.Journal of neuromuscular diseases · 2026Review
- The Spectrum of Congenital Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism: A 30-Year Experience at a Tertiary Paediatric Centre.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Article
- Endocrine late-effects in survivors of childhood and adolescence cancer: clinical management.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Efficacy of Gonadotropin Therapy to Induce Spermatogenesis and Fertility in Men with Pathologic Gonadotropin Deficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Therapeutic benefits of gonadotropins in male hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a focus on spermatogenesis and fertility.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Article
- Pubertal induction in prepubertal males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: testosterone or gonadotropins?Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2026Review
- Gonadotropin therapy in idiopathic hypogonadal non-obstructive azoospermia (APHRODITE Groups 3-4): a multicenter randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Amenorrhea Induced by Hydrocephalus Due to Tuberculous Meningitis: A Rare Case Report and Literature.International medical case reports journal · 2026Article
- Endocrine and metabolic consequences of childhood-onset craniopharyngioma during the transition age: A literature review by the TALENT study group.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2025Review
- Clinical approach to the male with delayed puberty.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- Therapeutic effects of a pulsatile GnRH pump on adult male patients with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH): a retrospective study.Translational andrology and urology · 2025Article
- First in class monoclonal antibody potentiating human follicle stimulating hormone activity improves spermatogenesis in azoospermic rodent models.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Effect of pubertal induction with combined gonadotropin therapy on testes development and spermatogenesis in males with gonadotropin deficiency: a cohort study.Human reproduction open · 2025Article
- A Current Perspective on Delayed Puberty and Its ManagementJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2024Review
- Current landscape of fertility induction in males with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHypogonadotropic hypogonadism is characterized by inadequate secretion of pituitary gonadotropins, leading to absent, partial, or arrested puberty. In males, classical treatment with testosterone promotes virilization but not testicular growth or spermatogenesis. To quantify treatment practices and efficacy, we systematically reviewed all studies investigating gonadotropins for the achievement of pubertal outcomes in males with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis.
methodsA systematic review of Medline, Embase, Global Health, and PsycINFO databases in December 2022. Risk of Bias 2.0/Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute tools for quality appraisal. Protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022381713).
resultsAfter screening 3925 abstracts, 103 studies were identified including 5328 patients from 21 countries. The average age of participants was <25 years in 45.6% (n = 47) of studies. Studies utilized human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (n = 93, 90.3% of studies), human menopausal gonadotropin (n = 42, 40.8%), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (n = 37, 35.9%), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (28.2% n = 29). The median reported duration of treatment/follow-up was 18 months (interquartile range 10.5-24 months). Gonadotropins induced significant increases in testicular volume, penile size, and testosterone in over 98% of analyses. Spermatogenesis rates were higher with hCG + FSH (86%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 82%-91%) as compared with hCG alone (40%, 95% CI 25%-56%). However, study heterogeneity and treatment variability were high.
conclusionsThis systematic review provides convincing evidence of the efficacy of gonadotropins for pubertal induction. However, there remains substantial heterogeneity in treatment choice, dose, duration, and outcomes assessed. Formal guidelines and randomized studies are needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.