ReviewMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2023
SARS-CoV-2 Rebound With and Without Use of COVID-19 Oral Antivirals.
Review in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of antiviral therapies for the treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients since the Omicron surge: a systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2025Pooled it
- SARS-CoV-2 infection rebound among patients receiving antiviral agents, convalescent plasma, or no treatment: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Blood transfusion = Trasfusione del sangue · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for the Prevention of COVID-19-Related Hospitalization and Mortality: A Systematic Literature Review.American journal of therapeuticsPooled it
- Virologic Response and Safety of Ibuzatrelvir, A Novel SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral, in Adults With COVID-19.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Trial
- A Case of Clinical and Viral Rebound Following Completion of a Five-Day Course of Ensitrelvir for COVID-19.Cureus · 2026Article
- Post-steroid rebound in COVID-19 pneumonitis: a case series and review of the literature.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Review
- Disparate SARS-CoV-2 Infection Outcomes Abound, but What Makes SARS-CoV-2 Bound for Rebound?The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 rebound and post-acute mortality and hospitalization among patients admitted with COVID-19: cohort study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Nursing Home Residents and Staff.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Article
- Risk Factors for Seeking Medical Care Following Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir (Paxlovid) Treatment for COVID-19: "Symptom Rebound".Viruses · 2025Article
- The Potential of Peptide-Based Inhibitors in Disrupting Protein-Protein Interactions for Targeted Cancer Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in lions, tigers and hyenas at Denver Zoo.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Does early combination vs. Monotherapy improve clinical outcomes of clinically extremely vulnerable patients with COVID-19? Results from a retrospective propensity-weighted analysis.European journal of medical research · 2024Article
- Differences in COVID-19 Outpatient Antiviral Treatment Among Adults Aged ≥65 Years by Age Group - National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network, United States, April 2022-September 2023.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2024Article
- Clinical rebound after treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir in COVID-19.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- COVID-19 clinical rebound after treatment with nirmatrelvir/ritonavir.Research square · 2024Article
- Viral SARS-CoV-2 Rebound Rates in Linked Commercial Pharmacy-Based Testing and Health Care Claims.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Early treatment with a first-line therapy (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir [Paxlovid] or remdesivir) or second-line therapy (molnupiravir) prevents hospitalization and death among patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at risk for severe disease and is recommended by the National Institutes of Health COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. On May 25, 2023, the Food and Drug Administration approved nirmatrelvir/ritonavir for treatment of adults at high risk for severe disease. Although antiviral therapies are widely available, they are underutilized, possibly because of reports of SARS-CoV-2 rebound after treatment. To enhance current understanding of rebound, CDC reviewed SARS-CoV-2 rebound studies published during February 1, 2020- November 29, 2023. Overall, seven of 23 studies that met inclusion criteria, one randomized trial and six observational studies, compared rebound for persons who received antiviral treatment with that for persons who did not receive antiviral treatment. In four studies, including the randomized trial, no statistically significant difference in rebound rates was identified among persons receiving treatment and those not receiving treatment. Depending on the definition used, the prevalence of rebound varied. No hospitalizations or deaths were reported among outpatients who experienced rebound, because COVID-19 signs and symptoms were mild. Persons receiving antiviral treatment might be at higher risk for rebound compared with persons not receiving treatment because of host factors or treatment-induced viral suppression early in the course of illness. The potential for rebound should not deter clinicians from prescribing lifesaving antiviral treatments when indicated to prevent morbidity and mortality from COVID-19.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.