SynthesisSleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung2024
A systematic review on 4D images of the upper airway in patients with OSA.
Synthesis in Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of lingual and labial orthodontic treatment on the airway in adult with extraction of first premolars: a retrospective cohort study.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- The Impact of Diagnostic Imaging on Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Feedback from a Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Surgical hyoid bone repositioning effects on mandibular advancement and upper airway collapsibility: an anesthetized rabbit model study.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIM-
backgroundIn the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), oral appliances are now being recognized as a valuable alternative to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Various static imaging techniques of the upper airways allow for assessment of bone and soft tissue structures. However, static images do not capture dynamic airway characteristics. The aim of this paper was to review 4D imaging techniques in patients with OSA.
methodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and Embase were systematically searched for studies published before June 2022. The review was compliant with the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of each eligible study was critically evaluated by all four authors independently. Four unique articles with qualitative analyses were retrieved. All included studies had a clear objective/aim, an appropriate endpoint and sufficiently described eligibility criteria.
resultsWith dynamic imaging (4D) evaluation of the upper airway, the incidence of upper airway collapsibility due to use of a mandibular advancement device (MAD) was reduced, extraluminal tissue pressure was decreased and the space in the upper airway was increased, notably in the retropalatal and retroglossal areas of the airway. These findings suggest that MADs may be effective for OSA regardless of whether or not the obstruction site is in the velopharynx or oropharynx. However, further investigation of dynamic changes in the upper airway is required to explain the efficacy of OSA treatment and the underlying mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.