ArticlePrimary health care research & development2023
Pain management in infant immunisation: A cross-sectional survey of UK primary care nurses.
Article in Primary health care research & development, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reducing distress during vaccine injections: 2026 clinical practice guideline update.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026Guideline
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Process Interventions for Reducing Distress During Vaccine Injections.The Clinical journal of pain · 2026Pooled it
- Moments that matter: childhood pain treatment shapes pain for life-we can do better every time in every child.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Local Lidocaine-Prilocaine for Immunisation in Infants.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Noninvasive Vibratory Stimulation on Pediatric Pain Scores during Intravenous Cannulation in a Selected Hospital in the United Arab Emirates.Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildhood immunisation is a critically important public health initiative. However, since most vaccines are administered by injection, it is associated with considerable pain and distress. Despite evidence demonstrating the efficacy of various pain management strategies, the frequency with which these are used during routine infant vaccinations in UK practice is unknown.
aimThis study aimed to explore primary care practice nurses' (PNs) use of evidence-based pain management strategies during infant immunisation, as well as barriers to evidence-based practice.
methodsA questionnaire was developed and distributed to nurses throughout the UK via convenience sampling in paper and online formats. Questions assessed the frequency of pain management intervention use during infant immunisation and barriers to their use.
findingsA total of 255 questionnaire responses were received. Over 90% (
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.