Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38125716›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomedical optics2024

Effects of skin tone on photoacoustic imaging and oximetry.

Thomas R Else, Lina Hacker, Janek Gröhl, Ellie V Bunce, Ran Tao, Sarah E Bohndiek

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomedical optics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The optical origin of the human skin color 'banana' in CIELAB space.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Unravelling theTheranostics · 2026
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Shortcut learning leads to sex bias in deep learning models for photoacoustic tomography.International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery · 2025
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Thomas R ElseUniversity of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-2652-4190
Lina HackerUniversity of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Janek GröhlUniversity of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5332-4856
Ellie V BunceUniversity of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0009-0005-3179-9307
Ran TaoUniversity of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
Sarah E BohndiekUniversity of Cambridge, CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0003-0371-8635

Funding

Cancer Research UK 21142Cancer Research UK 28870Cancer Research UK 29448
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Significance: Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provides contrast based on the concentration of optical absorbers in tissue, enabling the assessment of functional physiological parameters such as blood oxygen saturation ( Aim: To examine the effects of skin melanin pigmentation on PAI and oximetry. Approach: We evaluated the effects of skin tone in PAI using a computational skin model, two-layer melanin-containing tissue-mimicking phantoms, and mice of a consistent genetic background with varying pigmentations. The computational skin model was validated by simulating the diffuse reflectance spectrum using the adding-doubling method, allowing us to assign our simulation parameters to approximate Fitzpatrick skin types. Monte Carlo simulations and acoustic simulations were run to obtain idealized photoacoustic images of our skin model. Photoacoustic images of the phantoms and mice were acquired using a commercial instrument. Reconstructed images were processed with linear spectral unmixing to estimate blood oxygenation. Linear unmixing results were compared with a learned unmixing approach based on gradient-boosted regression. Results: Our computational skin model was consistent with representative literature for Conclusion: PAI demonstrates measurement bias, including an overestimation of blood

Indexed as

Photoacoustic TechniquesSkin PigmentationAnimalsHumansMelaninsMiceOximetryOxygenPhantoms, ImagingMelaninsOxygenFitzpatrick skin typesmelaninphotoacoustic imagingracial biasspectral unmixing

Identifiers

PMID38125716
PMCPMC10732256

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.