ReviewHeliyon2023
Macrophage polarization in spinal cord injury repair and the possible role of microRNAs: A review.
Review in Heliyon, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spinal cord transverse section hinders Wallerian degeneration and neoangiogenesis after peripheral nerve transection: Involvement of Schwann cells' miR-134-5p.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Exosomal PSMD1 Derived From Dental Pulp Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promotes Microglial M2 Polarization to Alleviate Spinal Cord Injury.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- M2 polarization of macrophages: Manipulation of spinal cord injury repair.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Interferon regulatory factor 4-releasing 3D-printed scaffolds enhance spinal cord repair by modulating macrophage polarization.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- PLX5622 did not alter anxiety-like behaviour and showed limited microglial depletion efficacy in a spinal cord injury model in female rats.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Temporal regulation of macrophage polarization by abnormally innervated CGRP + Sensory nerves following spinal cord injury.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- Small RNA sequencing of human sural nerves identifies widespread microRNA dysregulation and Schwann cell-localized miR-21-5p in diabetic peripheral neuropathy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory Biomaterials for Bone and Soft Tissue Chronic Inflammation Diseases.Small science · 2025Review
- Macrophage polarization in hepatocellular carcinoma: a lncRNA-centric perspective on tumor progression and metastasis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth-Derived Exosomes for the Treatment of Acute Liver Injury and Liver Fibrosis.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Hydrogel loaded with cerium-manganese nanoparticles and nerve growth factor enhances spinal cord injury repair by modulating immune microenvironment and promoting neuronal regeneration.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Amantadine modulates novel macrophage phenotypes to enhance neural repair following spinal cord injury.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Exosomes: a promising microenvironment modulator for spinal cord injury treatment.International journal of biological sciences · 2025Review
- Identification of Ifitm1 as a Pivotal Gene in Mouse Spinal Cord Injury Using Comprehensive Machine Learning Algorithms.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Microglia and programmed cell death in spinal cord injury: beyond apoptosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Hydrogel-Based Biomaterials in Spinal Repair: Evaluating Mechanisms for IVDD, SCI, and Dural Regeneration.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Review
- Identification and validation of biomarkers associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in rat spinal cord injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injury (SCI) have always posed significant medical challenges. After mechanical injury, disturbances in microcirculation, edema formation, and the generation of free radicals lead to additional damage, impeding effective repair processes and potentially exacerbating further dysfunction. In this context, inflammatory responses, especially the activation of macrophages, play a pivotal role. Different phenotypes of macrophages have distinct effects on inflammation. Activation of classical macrophage cells (M1) promotes inflammation, while activation of alternative macrophage cells (M2) inhibits inflammation. The polarization of macrophages is crucial for disease healing. A non-coding RNA, known as microRNA (miRNA), governs the polarization of macrophages, thereby reducing inflammation following SCI and facilitating functional recovery. This study elucidates the inflammatory response to SCI, focusing on the infiltration of immune cells, specifically macrophages. It examines their phenotype and provides an explanation of their polarization mechanisms. Finally, this paper introduces several well-known miRNAs that contribute to macrophage polarization following SCI, including miR-155, miR-130a, and miR-27 for M1 polarization, as well as miR-22, miR-146a, miR-21, miR-124, miR-223, miR-93, miR-132, and miR-34a for M2 polarization. The emphasis is placed on their potential therapeutic role in SCI by modulating macrophage polarization, as well as the present developments and obstacles of miRNA clinical therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.