ArticlePain reports2023
Heightened presence of inflammatory mediators in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with trigeminal neuralgia.
Article in Pain reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Carbamazepine and Gabapentin's Safety and Efficacy in Trigeminal Neuralgia Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Combinatorial chemistry & high throughput screening · 2026Pooled it
- Emerging Pharmacological Strategies for Trigeminal Neuralgia.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Trigeminal Neuralgia in NF2-Related Schwannomatosis.Journal of neurological surgery. Part B, Skull base · 2026Article
- Statin Use and Neuropathic Pain: Evidence from NHANES and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- No Glymphatic Dysfunction in Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Preliminary Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Immune profiling in trigeminal neuralgia reveals altered cytokine and chemokine signatures in cerebrospinal fluid and serum.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Redefining Chemotherapy-Related Headaches: From Pathobiology to Differential Diagnosis and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A mouse model of classical trigeminal neuralgia via intradural compression of the trigeminal nerve.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- A single-cell multi-omics framework identifies immune cell drivers of migraine and repurposable therapeutics.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- Insights into the Involvement of TRPA1 Channels in the Neuro-Inflammatory Machinery of Trigeminal Neuralgia.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Causal Relationship Between Circulating Inflammatory Cytokines and the Risk of Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Exploring the role of inflammatory biomarkers in trigeminal neuralgia.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- DMH1-loaded peptide nanomicelles restore myelin and attenuate neuroinflammation in trigeminal neuralgia via CCL5 suppression.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Systemic inflammation versus clinical demographics: patient age surpasses the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in differentiating secondary trigeminal neuralgia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Perioperative changes in inflammatory biomarkers and underlying molecular mechanisms in patients with trigeminal neuralgia undergoing surgical interventions.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Pathophysiology and Management of Refractory Trigeminal Neuralgia.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2024Review
- Trigeminal neuralgia.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic, debilitating facial pain disease causing stabbing pain attacks in the sensory distribution of the trigeminal nerve. The underlying pathophysiology of TN is incompletely understood, although microstructural abnormalities consistent with focal demyelination of the trigeminal nerve root have been shown in patients with TN. Studies of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in patients with TN suggest an increased prevalence of inflammatory mediators, potentially implicating neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of TN, as it has been implicated in other chronic pain conditions. Objectives: This study aimed to further assess the inflammatory profile of CSF in TN. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from 8 medically refractory patients with TN undergoing microvascular decompression surgery and 4 pain-free controls (2 with hemifacial spasm; 2 with normal pressure hydrocephalus). Cerebrospinal fluid was collected from the cerebellopontine angle cistern intraoperatively in the patients with TN. Inflammatory profiles of CSF samples were analyzed using a 71-plex cytokine and chemokine multiplex assay. Results: Ten inflammatory markers were found to be significantly higher in TN CSF, and no analytes were significantly lower. Elevated factors can be classified into pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-9, IL-18, and IL-33), chemokines (RANTES and ENA-78), the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TRAIL and sCD40L), and growth factors (EGF, PDGF-AB/BB, and FGF-2). Conclusion: This study further supports the notion that neuroinflammation is present in TN, and that multiple molecular pathways are implicated.
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