ArticleNature2023
Autonomous chemical research with large language models.
Article in Nature, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 265 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
265 citing papers in PubMed.
- Entity-aware pathology workflow informatics: Structured evidence mapping and a reference architecture for governed orchestration.Journal of pathology informatics · 2026Review
- AI-Driven Synthesis in Medicinal Chemistry: Integrating Large Language Models, Robotic Automation, and Sustainability Metrics to Accelerate Drug Discovery.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Multi-AI agent framework reveals the "oxide gatekeeper" in aluminum nanoparticle oxidation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- LLM-Assisted Design of Ultralow-Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The rise of agentic AI in drug discovery from static tools to autonomous virtual scientists.npj drug discovery · 2026Review
- Speak to a Protein: An Interactive Multimodal Co-Scientist for Protein Analysis.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence in the Discovery and Design of Ionic Liquids for Thermal Energy Applications.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Review
- Agentic campaign control for high-throughput de novo binder design.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Developing and Evaluating the Use of ChatGPT as a Screening Tool for Nurses Conducting Structured Literature Reviews: Proof of Concept Study Results.Journal of clinical nursing · 2026Article
- Data-Driven Materials Science for Energy-Sustainable Applications.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- Closed-Loop Solid-State Synthesis Planning for Materials Discovery With Large Language Models.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Chemical language models for early-stage drug discovery: applications, pitfalls, and future directions.Journal of computer-aided molecular design · 2026Review
- An atlas of transcription factor cooperation reveals how motif readers shape regulatory output.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Artificial intelligence-assisted lead optimization in drug discovery: bridging computational advances and translational challenges.Medicinal chemistry research : an international journal for rapid communications on design and mechanisms of action of biologically active agents · 2026Review
- Unlocking Sensitive Data with SPHERE in the Age of AI.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Big Data and Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Drug Discovery: Promise, Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities.Cancers · 2026Review
- Envisioning AI-empowered ecological, environmental, and health protection: Welcome submissions of interdisciplinary research.Eco-Environment & Health · 2026Article
- The missing data for intelligent scientific instruments.Nature methods · 2026Article
- Large Language Models in Preclinical Spine Research: A Scoping Review and Expert Perspective on Evidence-Aware Experimental Workflows.JOR spine · 2026Article
- Materials Databases: Foundations of Modern Digital Materials.Precision chemistry · 2026Review
205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transformer-based large language models are making significant strides in various fields, such as natural language processing
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.