ArticleScientific reports2023
Impact of long COVID on the heart rate variability at rest and during deep breathing maneuver.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Somatosensory processing in long COVID fatigue and its relations with physiological and psychological factors.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Wearable Heart Rate Variability Monitoring, Autonomic Dysfunction and Post-exertional Malaise in Long COVID: An Observational Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- The Severity of COVID-19 Is Associated with Greater Impairment of Cardiac Autonomic Modulation-Physical Training as a Countermeasure.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Article
- Digital physiological biomarkers predict within-person symptom changes in complex chronic illness.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- A single bout of submaximal aerobic functional capacity test acutely promotes endothelial function in long COVID patients.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Resting heart rate variability as a predictor of exercise response in mild post-COVID: insights from a six-minute step test.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Article
- Wearable-derived Sleep Measurements are Associated with Long-COVID in the RECOVER Adult Cohort.Research square · 2025Article
- Classification of Individuals With COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Condition and Healthy Controls Using Heart Rate Variability: Machine Learning Study With a Near-Real-Time Monitoring Component.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Superficial Neuromodulation in Dysautonomia in Women with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Pilot Study.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Preliminary evaluation of a mindfulness intervention program in women with long COVID dysautonomia symptoms.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, and nitric oxide as determinants of resting heart rate variability in non-hospitalized mild post-COVID individuals: a cross-sectional study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Article
- Salivary cortisol in long COVID: a marker of broader stress system and circadian rhythm dysregulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Core features and inherent diversity of post-acute infection syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Impact of COVID-19 on heart rate variability in post-COVID individuals compared to a control group.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Postacute Sequelae of COVID (PASC or Long COVID): An Evidenced-Based Approach.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Review
- From Psychostasis to the Discovery of Cardiac Nerves: The Origins of the Modern Cardiac Neuromodulation Concept.Biology · 2024Review
- Connecting dots of long COVID-19 pathogenesis: a vagus nerve- hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal-mitochondrial axis dysfunction.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While the majority of individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recover completely, a significant percentage experience persistent symptom, which has been characterized as Long COVID and may be associated with cardiac and autonomic dysfunction. We evaluated heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during deep-breathing (M-RSA) in patients with Long COVID. Case-control design involved 21 patients with Long COVID and 20 controls; the HRV was evaluated (POLAR system) at rest in the supine position and during M-RSA and expressed in time domain and non-linear analysis. In the supine position we found a reduction HRV measures in Long COVID' patients compared to controls for: Mean_iRR (p < 0.001), STD_iRR (p < 0.001); STD_HR (p < 0.001); SD1 (p < 0.001); SD2 (p < 0.001); alpha2 (p < 0.001). In the M-RSA we found reduction Mean_iRR (p < 0.001), STD_iRR (p < 0.001), STD_HR (p < 0.001), rMSSD (p < 0.001), RR_tri-index (p < 0.001) in Long COVID' patients except for highest Mean_HR p < 0.001. In conclusion, Long COVID reduced HRV at rest and during deep breathing. These findings may imply impairment of cardiac autonomic control when symptoms of COVID-19 persist following initial recovery.
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