ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2024
Detecting Residual Chronic Salmonella Typhi Carriers on the Road to Typhoid Elimination in Santiago, Chile, 2017-2019.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Presence of globally prominent multidrug-resistant genotypes ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- From Trait-Structured Within-Host Dynamics to SIR Models: A Multiscale Framework With Re-Exposure.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2026Article
- Evaluation of naturally occurring IgG anti-Vi antibody titers as predictors and correlates of typhoid fever in Dhaka, Bangladesh.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Early host immune responses in a human organoid-derived gallbladder monolayer toFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIn Santiago, Chile, where typhoid had been hyperendemic (1977-1991), we investigated whether residual chronic carriers could be detected among household contacts of non-travel-related typhoid cases occurring during 2017-2019.
methodsCulture-confirmed cases were classified as autochthonous (domestically acquired) versus travel/immigration related. Household contacts of cases had stool cultures and serum Vi antibody measurements to detect chronic Salmonella Typhi carriers. Whole genome sequences of acute cases and their epidemiologically linked chronic carrier isolates were compared.
resultsFive of 16 autochthonous typhoid cases (31.3%) were linked to 4 chronic carriers in case households; 2 cases (onsets 23 months apart) were linked to the same carrier. Carriers were women aged 69-79 years with gallbladder dysfunction and Typhi fecal excretion; 3 had highly elevated serum anti-Vi titers. Genomic analyses revealed close identity (≤11 core genome single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] differences) between case and epidemiologically linked carrier isolates; all were genotypes prevalent in 1980s Santiago. A cluster of 4 additional autochthonous cases unlinked to a carrier was identified based on genomic identity (0-1 SNPs). Travel/immigration isolate genotypes were typical for the countries of travel/immigration.
conclusionsAlthough autochthonous typhoid cases in Santiago are currently rare, 5 of 16 such cases (31.3%) were linked to elderly chronic carriers identified among household contacts of cases.
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