Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38117894›Full record

ArticleScience advances2023

3D-printed multilayer structures for high-numerical aperture achromatic metalenses.

Cheng-Feng Pan, Hao Wang, Hongtao Wang, Parvathi Nair S, Qifeng Ruan, Simon Wredh, Yujie Ke, John You En Chan, Wang Zhang, Cheng-Wei Qiu and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Twin-Lever Multifunctional Meta-Optics With High Longitudinal Tolerance.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Compound meta-optics: there is plenty of room at the top.Nanophotonics (Berlin, Germany) · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. High-performance achromatic flat lens with high NA.Light, science & applications · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Cheng-Feng PanEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0003-5103-7196
Hao WangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-5388-6691
Hongtao WangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0001-9736-2208
Parvathi Nair SEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-3095-9872
Qifeng RuanMinistry of Industry and Information Technology Key Lab of Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Information System, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1592-9010
Simon WredhEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-2779-0164
Yujie KeInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering, A*STAR (Agency for Science Technology and Research), Singapore 138634, Singapore.ORCID 0009-0001-0720-8053
John You En ChanEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.
Wang ZhangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-1563-8918
Cheng-Wei QiuDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-6605-500X
Joel K W YangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore 487372, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0003-3301-1040

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flat optics consisting of nanostructures of high-refractive index materials produce lenses with thin form factors that tend to operate only at specific wavelengths. Recent attempts to achieve achromatic lenses uncover a trade-off between the numerical aperture (NA) and bandwidth, which limits performance. Here, we propose a new approach to design high-NA, broadband, and polarization-insensitive multilayer achromatic metalenses (MAMs). We combine topology optimization and full-wave simulations to inversely design MAMs and fabricate the structures in low-refractive index materials by two-photon polymerization lithography. MAMs measuring 20 μm in diameter operating in the visible range of 400 to 800 nm with 0.5 and 0.7 NA were achieved with efficiencies of up to 42%. We demonstrate broadband imaging performance of the fabricated MAM under white light and RGB narrowband illuminations. These results highlight the potential of the 3D-printed multilayer structures for realizing broadband and multifunctional meta-devices with inverse design.

Identifiers

PMID38117894
PMCPMC10732525

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.