ArticlePloS one2023
Wealth-based inequity in full child vaccination coverage: An experience from Mali, Bangladesh, and South Africa. A multilevel poison regression.
Article in PloS one, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Determinants of childhood immunization coverage in Somalia: evidence from the Somalia Demographic and Health Survey 2020.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2026Article
- Determinants of childhood vaccination differ between conflict-affected and non-conflict regions in Cameroon.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
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Abstract
objectivesEvery child around the globe should get routine childhood vaccination, which is mostly affected by the country's economic capacity besides the socioeconomic differences. However, how well countries with different economic capacities address equitable child vaccination remains unanswered.
methodsCross-sectional data from the latest Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) database of Mali, Bangladesh, and South Africa was used for this study. The dependent variable was full child vaccination, and wealth-based inequality was assessed using rate-ratio, concentration curve, and concentration index. A multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of inequalities. A risk ratio (RR) with a p-value of 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. All analysis was weighted.
resultsFull child vaccination status was 30.15%, 62.18%, and 46.94% in Mali, Bangladesh, and South Africa respectively. Even if the disparity is higher in Mali, the full vaccination favors the better-off family both in Mali, and Bangladesh respectively [CInd: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.09], [CInd: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.03], wealth status did not have an effect in South Africa. The multilevel poison regression indicated maternal age, occupation, wealth of household, and frequency of watching television to positively affect full vaccination, whereas the number of children in the house negatively affected full vaccination.
conclusionWealth-based inequality in child vaccination was higher in Mali followed by Bangladesh. There was no observable significant equity gap in South Africa. Wealth status, maternal occupation, maternal age, frequency of watching television, and number of children were predictors of full child vaccination.
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