Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38117586›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2023

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Phthalate Exposure and Preterm Birth: A Pooled Study of Sixteen U.S. Cohorts.

Barrett M Welch, Alexander P Keil, Jessie P Buckley, Stephanie M Engel, Tamarra James-Todd, Ami R Zota, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Emily S Barrett, Michael S Bloom, Nicole R Bush and 45 more

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07216898 (You Have the Right to Know), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07216898 terminatednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

You Have the Right to Know: Empowering Women Through Clean Beauty Research and Education

TypeobservationalSponsorRutgers, The State University of New JerseyRan2025 to 2026Enrolled38ConditionsHealth Disparities, EducationArmsChemical Exposure Prevention
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Effect measure modification in mixtures and public health.American journal of epidemiology · 2026
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. FIGO committee opinion: Environmental drivers of obstetric health and early childhood development.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Identifying differences in U.S. exposure to ubiquitous carcinogens.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

55 authors at 20 institutions in 3 countries.

Barrett M WelchNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1304-2272
Alexander P KeilNational Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Jessie P BuckleyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Stephanie M EngelUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Tamarra James-ToddHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Ami R ZotaColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Akram N AlshawabkehNortheastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Emily S BarrettRutgers School of Public Health, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.
Michael S BloomGeorge Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0028-5494
Nicole R BushUniversity of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
José F CorderoUniversity of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Dana DabeleaUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9514-8929
Brenda EskenaziCenter for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Bruce P LanphearSimon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Vasantha PadmanabhanUniversity of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Sheela SathyanarayanaSeattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Shanna H SwanIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
Jenny AalborgUniversity of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
Donna D BairdNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Alexandra M BinderUniversity of Hawai'i Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA.
Asa BradmanUniversity of California, Merced, Merced, California, USA.
Joseph M BraunBrown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
Antonia M CalafatNational Center for Environmental Health, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
David E CantonwineBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Kate E ChristenburySocial & Scientific Systems, Inc., a DLH Holdings Company, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Pam Factor-LitvakColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Kim G HarleyCenter for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Russ HauserHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Julie B HerbstmanColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Irva Hertz-PicciottoUniversity of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Nina HollandCenter for Environmental Research and Community Health (CERCH), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
Anne Marie Z JukicNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Thomas F McElrathBrigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
John D MeekerSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Carmen MesserlianHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Karin B MichelsUniversity of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Roger B NewmanMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Ruby H N NguyenUniversity of Minnesota, School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
Katie M O'BrienNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Virginia A RauhColumbia University Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.
Bruce RedmonUniversity of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
David Q RichUniversity of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.
Emma M RosenUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Rebecca J SchmidtUniversity of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Amy E SparksUniversity of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Anne P StarlingUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Christina WangThe Lundquist Institute at Harbor, UCLA Medical Center, West Carson, California, USA.
Deborah J WatkinsSchool of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Clarice R WeinbergNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Barry WeinbergerCohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Northwell Health, Queens, New York, USA.
Abby G WenzelMedical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA.
Allen J WilcoxNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
Kimberly YoltonCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Yu ZhangHarvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts.
Kelly K FergusonNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA.
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · USColumbia University · USHarvard University · USCenter for Environmental Health · USUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · USBrigham and Women's Hospital · USMedical University of South Carolina · USUniversity of California, Davis · USUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus · USBrown University · USCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center · USGeorge Mason University · USHarbor–UCLA Medical Center · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · USJohns Hopkins University · USNational Cancer Institute · USNortheastern University · USNorthwell Health · US

Funding

UCLA Clinical Translational Science InstituteUL1TR001881 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ARLEEN F. BROWN, ARASH NAEIM · 2016 to 2026
$118.1M
Translational Research Support CoreP30ES005022 · NIEHS · UNIV OF MED/DENT NJ-R W JOHNSON MED SCH · PI ROBERT John LAUMBACH · 1988 to 2026
$47.4M
Translational Research Support CoreP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI SUSAN A KORRICK · 1985 to 2026
$44.6M
Research Experiences and Training Coordination CoreP42ES017198 · NIEHS · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI ALSHAWABKEH, AKRAM N · 2010 to 2024
$38.6M
UNC-CH CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH &SUSCEPTIBILITYP30ES010126 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Melissa A. Troester · 2001 to 2026
$36.3M
Biostatstics for Research in Environmental HealthT32ES007018 · NIEHS · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI Stephanie Engel, Rebecca Fry · 1985 to 2026
$31.3M
UC Davis Environmental Health Sciences Core CenterP30ES023513 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Nicholas J. KENYON · 2015 to 2026
$26.0M
Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes in Puerto Rico (ECHO-PRO)UH3OD023251 · OD · NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY · PI Akram N Alshawabkeh · 2018 to 2026
$24.0M
Revisiting ReCHARGE: ECHO Follow up on Middle Childhood and AdolescenceUH3OD023365 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Deborah Hall Bennett, Irva Hertz-Picciotto · 2018 to 2026
$21.9M
Strategic Vision & Impact on Environmental HealthP30ES017885 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Dana Dolinoy · 2011 to 2026
$21.3M
HEALTH EFFECTS OF PAH &ETS IN MINORITY WOMEN &NEWBORNSR01ES008977 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI PERERA, FREDERICA P · 1997 to 2011
$12.9M
Trajectories and Environments in Autism: a Multi-cohort Study (TEAMS) following autism families in ECHO Phase 2UH3OD023342 · OD · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI KRISTEN Lyall, HEATHER E VOLK · 2018 to 2026
$12.8M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA ES103321NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001881NCI NIH HHS R21 CA128382NICHD NIH HHS R21 HD058019NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK076648NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES009584NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES009605NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES011261NIEHS NIH HHS P01 ES022844NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES005022NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES010126NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES017885NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES023513NIEHS NIH HHS P42 ES017198NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES008977NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES009718NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES013543NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES014393NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES016863NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES021369NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES022934NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES024381NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES030078NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031591NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES031657NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES025551NIEHS NIH HHS R21 ES031231NIEHS NIH HHS R24 ES028529NIEHS NIH HHS R24 ES028533NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES007018NIEHS NIH HHS U24 ES028529NIEHS NIH HHS U24 ES028533NIH HHS UH3 OD023251NIH HHS UH3 OD023342NIH HHS UH3 OD023365
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPhthalate exposures are ubiquitous during pregnancy and may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in preterm birth.

objectivesWe investigated race and ethnicity in the relationship between biomarkers of phthalate exposure and preterm birth by examining:

methodsWe pooled individual-level data on 6,045 pregnancies from 16 U.S. cohorts. We investigated covariate-adjusted differences in nine urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations by race and ethnicity [non-Hispanic White (White, 43%), non-Hispanic Black (Black, 13%), Hispanic/Latina (38%), and Asian/Pacific Islander (3%)]. Using g-computation, we estimated changes in the probability of preterm birth under hypothetical interventions to eliminate disparities in levels of urinary phthalate metabolites by proportionally lowering average concentrations in Black and Hispanic/Latina participants to be approximately equal to the averages in White participants. We also used race and ethnicity-stratified logistic regression to characterize associations between phthalate metabolites and preterm birth.

resultsIn comparison with concentrations among White participants, adjusted mean phthalate metabolite concentrations were consistently higher among Black and Hispanic/Latina participants by 23%-148% and 4%-94%, respectively. Asian/Pacific Islander participants had metabolite levels that were similar to those of White participants. Hypothetical interventions to reduce disparities in metabolite mixtures were associated with lower probabilities of preterm birth for Black [13% relative reduction; 95% confidence interval (CI):

conclusionsPhthalate metabolite concentrations differed substantially by race and ethnicity. Our results show hypothetical interventions to reduce population-level racial and ethnic disparities in biomarkers of phthalate exposure could potentially reduce the probability of preterm birth. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12831.

Indexed as

Maternal ExposurePhthalic AcidsPremature BirthBiomarkersEthnicityFemaleHumansInfant, NewbornPregnancyRacial GroupsBiomarkersphthalic acidPhthalic Acids

Identifiers

PMID38117586
PMCPMC10732302
OpenAlexW4389991934

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.