ArticlemBio2024
Toxinome-the bacterial protein toxin database.
Article in mBio, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Article
- Article
- Colocalisation of lanthipeptide production with genetic exchange and defence systems across prokaryote genomes.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- From Identification to Insight: Making Full Use of the Diagnostic Potential of MS/MS Proteotyping in Clinical Microbiology Using Efficient Bioinformatics.Journal of proteome research · 2025Review
- Computational toxicology in drug discovery: applications of artificial intelligence in ADMET and toxicity prediction.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Review
- Metaproteomics in the One Health framework for unraveling microbial effectors in microbiomes.Microbiome · 2025Review
- Article
- Selection for toxin production in spatially structured environments increases with growth rate.The ISME journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
importanceMicrobes use protein toxins as important tools to attack neighboring cells, microbial or eukaryotic, and for self-killing when attacked by viruses. These toxins work through different mechanisms to inhibit cell growth or kill cells. Microbes also use antitoxin proteins to neutralize the toxin activities. Here, we developed a comprehensive database called Toxinome of nearly two million toxins and antitoxins that are encoded in 59,475 bacterial genomes. We described the distribution of bacterial toxins and identified that they are depleted by bacteria that live in hot and cold temperatures. We found 5,161 cases in which toxins and antitoxins are densely clustered in bacterial genomes and termed these areas "Toxin Islands." The Toxinome database is a useful resource for anyone interested in toxin biology and evolution, and it can guide the discovery of new toxins.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.