ArticlePreventive medicine reports2023
Global burden and inequality of autism spectrum disorders: Based on data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Systematic review of measures and interventions for caregiver adjustment to child autism diagnosis.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026Pooled it
- Assisted Robots in Therapies for Children with Autism in Early Childhood.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Analysis of the Pupillary Light Reflex Response Against Light Stimuli for Autism Screening in Children.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the global burden of autism spectrum disorders: An analysis based on GBD 2021 data.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2026Article
- The global prevalence of autism spectrum disorder in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2025Article
- Prenatal Environmental Antibiotic Exposure and Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms in Children at 3 Years of Age: Findings from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is unclear whether the health equity of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has changed in different years, regions, and gender. The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive description of the ASDs burden and provide evidence for improvement in health policies regarding ASDs inequality. This study is a population-based cross-sectional study based on the Global Burden of Disease datasets 1990-2019. We collected detailed information on ASDs between 1990 and 2019 in 204 countries worldwide, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. Burden was calculated in terms of the incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs). Concentration curves and concentration indices were used to summarize the degree of income-related inequality in the burden of ASDs. The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) and age-standardized YLDs rate (ASYR) of ASDs was 9.3 (95 %UI 7.7-11.1), 369.4 (95 %UI 305.9-441.2), 56.3 (95 %UI 36.8-81.5) per 100,000 people, respectively. The ASIR, ASPR and ASYR of ASDs affected three times as many males as females. The changing trends of age-standardized rates of ASDs showed that the ASIR of ASDs a slow growing trend globally. However, the ASPR and ASYR of ASDs showed a slow decreasing trend globally. All the concentration curves were below the line of equality and statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the age-standardized rate for different years in socio-demographic index-related inequality happened over 29 years (p > 0.05). The global burden of ASDs has remained higher in males and pro-rich, the income-related inequality tended not to change between 1990 and 2019.
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