Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38116230›Full record

Review3D printing and additive manufacturing2023

Controlling Morphing Behavior in 4D Printing: A Review About Microstructure and Macrostructure Changes in Polylactic Acid.

Mylene S Cadete, Tiago E P Gomes, Idalina Gonçalves, Victor Neto

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in 3D printing and additive manufacturing, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Mylene S CadeteDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6646-2425
Tiago E P GomesDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9134-2238
Idalina GonçalvesDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Aveiro Institute of Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2098-2112
Victor NetoDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation (TEMA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-4220

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Four-dimensional (4D) printing combines stimulus-responsive materials with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. This new concept of printing three-dimensional (3D) objects opens the possibility for solving processing issues, through the production of complex geometries that can undergo programmed temporal changes in response to external stimuli. However, as 4D technology emerges from AM, various challenges still need to be explored, such as the controlled morphing effect. Understanding the aspects related to this behavior, both at the macroscopic level of the structure and at the microscopic level of the polymeric chain, is fundamental. Focused on thermoplastic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) printed by fused deposition modeling, this review addressed the influence of molecular weight, polymeric chain modifications, and 3D printing parameters on the shape change effect of a PLA-based material. The glass transition temperature proved to be a highly important parameter, which can be modified by molecular weight changes. Nozzle temperature, fill density, print patterns, and raster angle are 3D printing parameters that influence the material shape change. Shape recovery is highly dependent on the recovery temperature. Potential applications for shape memory structures are also addressed in this review.

Indexed as

4D printingadditive manufacturingfused deposition modelingpoly(lactic acid)shape memorythermal stimulus

Identifiers

PMID38116230
PMCPMC10726180

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.