Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38115141›Full record

ArticleTropical medicine and health2023

Environmental detection of eumycetoma pathogens using multiplex real-time PCR for soil DNA in Sennar State, Sudan.

Hiroki Hashizume, Suguru Taga, Masayuki K Sakata, Mahmoud Hussein, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Toshifumi Minamoto, Ahmed Hassan Fahal, Satoshi Kaneko

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical medicine and health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. A qPCR identification scheme to differentiate actinomycetoma from eumycetoma.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Mycetoma in Somalia: an updated literature review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Hiroki HashizumeSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
Suguru TagaDepartment of Ecoepidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
Masayuki K SakataGraduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
Mahmoud HusseinMycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
Emmanuel Edwar SiddigMycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
Toshifumi MinamotoGraduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-Ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
Ahmed Hassan FahalMycetoma Research Center, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 102, Khartoum, Sudan.
Satoshi KanekoSchool of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan. skaneko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9464-0911
Nagasaki University · JPUniversity of Khartoum · SDHokkaido University · JPKobe University · JPUniversity of Medical Sciences and Technology · SD

Funding

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development JP21jm0510005Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 18K19684Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 21K19656
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMycetoma is a chronic disease affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions. Several bacteria and fungi can cause mycetoma, but fungal mycetoma (eumycetoma) is challenging because the treatment requires a combination of a long-term antifungal agent and surgery. Although the transmission route has not yet been elucidated, infection from the soil is a leading hypothesis. However, there are few soil investigation studies, and the geographical distribution of mycetoma pathogens is not well documented. Here, we used multiplex real-time PCR technology to identify three fungal species from soil samples.

methodsIn total, 64 DNA samples were extracted from soil collected in seven villages in an endemic area in Sennar State, Sudan, in 2019. Primers and fluorescent probes specifically targeting the ribosomal DNA of Madurella mycetomatis, Falciformispora senegalensis, and F. tompkinsii were designed.

resultsMultiplex real-time PCR was performed and identified the major pathogen, M. mycetomatis that existed in most sites (95%). In addition, two other pathogens were identified from some sites. This is the first report on the use of this technique for identifying the eumycetoma causative microorganisms.

conclusionsThis study demonstrated that soil DNA investigation can elucidate the risk area of mycetoma-causative agents. The results will contribute to the design of prevention measures, and further large-scale studies may be effective in understanding the natural habitats of mycetoma pathogens.

Indexed as

DiagnosisEnvironmental DNAFalciformisporaMadurellaMycetomaSoil

Identifiers

PMID38115141
PMCPMC10729560
OpenAlexW4390016078

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.