ArticleBMC neurology2023
Modified CAVE score for predicting late seizures after intracerebral hemorrhage.
Article in BMC neurology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Seizure risk prediction models after intracerebral hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Prophylactic Antiepileptic Drugs in Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Network Meta-Analysis.Neurocritical care · 2026Article
- Association Between Multiple Inflammation-Derived Indices and the Risk of Post-Stroke Epilepsy.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- From Acute Symptomatic Seizures to Post-Stroke Epilepsy: A Narrative Review of Diagnosis and Management.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Epileptogenesis After Stroke: Current Insights Into Molecular and Structural Mechanisms.Cureus · 2026Review
- Epilepsy as a dynamic disease: Toward actionable, individualized seizure risk prediction.Epilepsia · 2025Review
- Article
- Risk factors of posthemorrhagic seizure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Neurosurgical review · 2025Article
- Prognostic models for seizures and epilepsy after stroke, tumors and traumatic brain injury.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2025Review
- The progress in predictive modeling of post-stroke epilepsy.Frontiers in neurologyReview
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
background and purposeSeizures commonly occur in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Anticonvulsants are commonly used for preventing seizures in patients with ICH. Thus, patients with ICH at high risk of seizures must be identified. The study aims to elucidate whether double the score of cortex involvement in ICH patients can increase accuracy of CAVE score for predicting late seizures.
methodThis retrospective analysis of the medical records of surviving patients admitted between June 1, 2013, and December 31, 2019. Validated the CAVE score and modified it (CAVE2). The main outcome of patients with ICH was seizures. The first seizures occurring within 7 days after a stroke were defined as early seizures. Seizures occurring after 1 week of stroke onset, including patients who had experienced early seizures or patients who had not, were defined as late seizures. CAVE and CAVE2 scores were validated using the cohort. The accuracy and discrimination of those two scores were accessed by the area under the operating characteristic curve. Akaike information criterion, integrated discrimination improvement, and continuous net reclassification improvement were used to assess the performance of the CAVE and CAVE2 scores.
resultsIn the cohort showed that late seizures occurred in 12.7% (52/408) of patients with ICH. Male sex, age > 65 years, cortex involvement, and early seizures were associated with the occurrence of late seizures, with odds ratios of 2.09, 2.04, 4.12, and 3.78, respectively. The risk rate of late seizures was 6.66% (17/255), 14.8% (17/115), and 47.4% (18/38) for CAVE scores ≤ 1, 2, and ≥ 3, and 4.6% (12/258), 18.3% (13/71), and 54.4 (20/37) for CAVE2 scores ≤ 1, 2, and ≥ 3 respectively. The C-statistics for the CAVE and CAVE2 scores were 0.73 and 0.74 respectively.
conclusionThe CAVE score can identify patients with ICH and high risk for late seizures. The CAVE can be modified by changing the score of cortex involvement to 2 points to improve accuracy in predicting late seizures in patients with ICH.
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