ArticleScientific reports2023
Inflammatory mediators drive neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder and cerebral palsy.
Article in Scientific reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 6 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Outcomes of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Cerebral Palsy: A Self-Controlled Clinical Trial
Outcomes of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Cerebral Palsy: A Self-Controlled Clinical Trial
Improvement in Gross Motor Function and Muscle Tone in Children With Cerebral Palsy Related to Neonatal Icterus: An Open-label, Uncontrolled Clinical Trial
Autologous Bone Marrow Stem Cell Therapy Combined With Psychological Therapy and Rehabilitation for Autism: An Open Label Controlled Clinical Trial
Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Transplantation Combined With Educational Intervention for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): A Phase 2 Randomised Controlled Trial
Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Administration in the Treatment of Neurologic Sequela in Children With Spina Bifida
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the clinical efficacy, safety and molecular mechanism of sulforaphane in autism spectrum disorder: an integrated study combining meta-analysis, network pharmacology, and computational biology.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluation of stem/stromal cell transplantation safety and efficacy in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of children with cerebral palsy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with core herbs exploration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The relationship between maternal adiposity during pregnancy and toddler ADHD symptoms is mediated by gestational inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Dynamic neuro-immune regulation of psychiatric risk loci in human neurons.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Healing from the Ocean: Targeting Shared Mechanisms in Autism and Epilepsy Using Algae-Derived Compounds.Marine drugs · 2026Review
- Reduced glymphatic function in autism revealed by the diffusion tensor analysis along the perivascular space index.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Article
- Maternal and neonatal cytokine profiles in a twin cohort: evidence from an exploratory pilot study of perinatal immune dysregulation in autism.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Rannasangpei and its constituent crocin-1 ameliorate valproic acid-induced autism-like behaviors accompanied by reduced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Bidirectional fractional-order dynamics of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in autism spectrum disorder featuring memory effects and inflammation thresholds.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder with Immune Dysregulation: A Prospective, Open-Label, Single-Arm Study.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Transcriptome profile analysis of genes by RNA-sequencing in neonatal maternal separation rats with autistic-like behaviors.Translational pediatrics · 2026Article
- Artificial Intelligence In The Diagnosis And Prediction Of Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema: A Scoping Review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Article
- Review
- Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell administration in a large cohort of 1,011 patients with autism spectrum disorder: a retrospective observational study.Clinical transplantation and research · 2026Article
- The Gut Microbiota-Tryptophan-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A New Frontier for Probiotic Intervention.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- A Noisy Signal? Geographic Bias in FAERS Reports Linking Paracetamol to Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Serum GDF-15 Levels in Pediatric ADHD: Associations with Symptom Severity and Stimulant Exposure.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2026Article
- Immune profiling shows limited systemic changes in children with autism after autologous cord blood transfusion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Immune-related mechanisms of fecal microbiota transplantation in the intestinal microenvironment as a potential intervention for autism spectrum disorder patients.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Inflammation conditions are associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cerebral palsy (CP), primarily observed in the peripheral immune system. However, the extent of neuro-inflammation and neuro-immune dysregulation remains poorly studied. In this study, we analyzed the composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to uncover the inflammatory mediators driving the neuro-immune system in ASD and CP patients. Our findings revealed that ASD patients had elevated levels of four inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-4, IL-21, and BAFF) compared to controls, while CP patients exhibited increased levels of eight inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, GM-CSF, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A and IL-12), one anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and five growth factors (GFs) (NGF-β, EGF, GDF-15, G-CSF and BMP-9) compared to both controls and ASD patients. Additionally, intrathecal infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) led to a slight decrease in TGF-β and GDF-15 levels in the CSF of ASD and CP patients, respectively. Our study provides new insights into the molecular composition of CSF in ASD and CP patients, with the potential to develop more effective diagnosis methods and improved treatment for these diseases.Clinical trial registration CSF samples used in this study are from clinical trials NCT03225651, NCT05307536, NCT02569775, NCT03123562, NCT02574923, NCT05472428 and previous reports [7, 9, 17-19].
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.