Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38113012›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2025

Psychotropic Medication Use in Children and Youth with Autism Enrolled in Medicaid.

Jessica E Rast, Sha Tao, Whitney Schott, Lindsay L Shea, Edward S Brodkin, Connor M Kerns, Charles E Leonard, Michael J Murray, Brian K Lee

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
4.2field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Therapy and Antidepressant Use in 8- to 29-Year-Old Autistic Medicaid Enrollees With Depression.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Jessica E RastA.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. jer336@drexel.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-130X
Sha TaoA.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Whitney SchottA.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-8718
Lindsay L SheaA.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0610-0355
Edward S BrodkinDepartment of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-7838
Connor M KernsDepartment of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0832-8329
Charles E LeonardCenter for Real-World Effectiveness and Safety of Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5092-9657
Michael J MurrayDepartment of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA.
Brian K LeeA.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3635-8034
Drexel University · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USPennsylvania State University · USUniversity of British Columbia · CA

Funding

Drug interactions involving psychoactive drugsR01AG060975 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Charles Edward Leonard · 2019 to 2026
$3.9M
Identifying Co-Occurrence and Service Use Profiles of Alzheimer's Disease and Autism Spectrum DisorderR01MH117653 · NIMH · DREXEL UNIVERSITY · PI SHEA, LINDSAY LAWER · 2018 to 2021
$2.1M
Canadian Foundation for Innovation 38787HRSA HHS UT2MC39440Michael Smith Health Research BC SCH-2021-1709NIA NIH HHS R01 AG060975NIH HHS R01AG060975NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117653Pennsylvania Department of Health 4100085747
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Children with autism frequently present with complex mental health diagnoses and psychotropic medications are often a component of comprehensive biopsychosocial treatment plans for these conditions. The purpose of this study is to provide rates and patterns of psychotropic medication use, and predictors thereof, in children and youth with autism enrolled in Medicaid across the US. This study examined national Medicaid claims from 2008 to 2016 of all children and youth with autism ages 0-21 years enrolled in Medicaid. Psychotropic medication use was examined across several child and youth characteristics, including age, co-occurring mental health conditions, sex, and race and ethnicity. About half of children and youth with autism enrolled in Medicaid had at least one psychotropic prescription in a year, a number that decreased slightly across the study period due to decreases in the prescription of antipsychotics. As new medications for autism or co-occurring conditions are developed and deployed, and as the understanding of the characteristics of the population of children with autism evolves, studying rates of medication usage helps to understand utilization patterns and differences in access to quality care.

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderMedicaidMental DisordersPsychotropic DrugsAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleUnited StatesYoung AdultPsychotropic DrugsChildren and youth with autismMedicaidPolypharmacyPsychotropic medication

Identifiers

PMID38113012
PMCPMC11228548
OpenAlexW4389952166

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.