Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38112973›Full record

ArticleInfectious diseases and therapy2024

Developing a Tool for Differentiation Between Bacterial and Viral Respiratory Infections Using Myxovirus Resistance Protein A and C-Reactive Protein.

Konstantina Iliopoulou, Panagiotis Koufargyris, Sarantia Doulou, Elisavet Tasouli, Sokratis Katopodis, Stavroula-Porphyria Chachali, Georgios Schinas, Charalampos Karachalios, Myrto Astriti, Paraskevi Katsaounou and 12 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Infectious diseases and therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Biomarkers to guide sepsis management.Annals of intensive care · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.

Konstantina IliopoulouSecond Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece.
Panagiotis KoufargyrisFourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece.
Sarantia DoulouFifth Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Elisavet TasouliFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Thriasio General Hospital of Eleusis, Athens, Greece.
Sokratis KatopodisSecond Department of Propedeutic Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Stavroula-Porphyria ChachaliFourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece.
Georgios SchinasDepertment of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Rion, Greece.
Charalampos KarachaliosThird Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Korgialeneio-Benakeio General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Myrto AstritiFirst Department of Internal Medicine, G. Gennimatas General Hospital of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Paraskevi KatsaounouFirst Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Medicine, Medical School, Evangelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
George ChrysosSecond Department of Internal Medicine, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece.
Theodoros SeferlisSecond Department of Internal Medicine, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Effrosyni DimopoulouHellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece.
Myrto KolliaHellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis, Athens, Greece.
Garyphalia PoulakouThird Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Styliani GerakariEmergency Department, Tzaneio General Hospital of Piraeus, Athens, Greece.
Ilias C PapanikolaouDepartment of Pulmonary Medicine, General Hospital of Corfu "Agia Eirini", Kontokali, Greece.
Haralampos MilionisFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
George N DalekosDepartment of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Full Member of the European Reference Network on Hepatological Disases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110, Larissa, Greece.
Vasiliki TzavaraFirst Department of Internal Medicine, Korgialeneio-Benakeio General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Theano KontopoulouFifth Department of Internal Medicine, Evangelismos Athens General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
Evangelos J Giamarellos-BourboulisFourth Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 1 Rimini Street, 124 62, Athens, Greece. egiamarel@med.uoa.gr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4713-3911
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · GREvangelismos Hospital · GRThriasio General Hospital of Elefsina · GRTzaneion General Hospital · GRAgia Olga Hospital · GRGeneral Hospital of Athens G. Genimatas · GRUniversity Hospital of Larissa · GRUniversity of Ioannina · GRUniversity of Patras · GR

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe aim was to assess the performance of a blood assay combining measurements of MxA (myxovirus resistance protein A) and CRP (C-reactive protein) to differentiate viral from bacterial respiratory infections.

methodsIn a prospective study, MxA and CRP were measured in the blood by the AFIAS panel in adults admitted with respiratory infection. Patients were split into discovery and validation cohorts. Final diagnosis was adjudicated by a panel of experts. Microbiology-confirmed cases comprised the discovery cohort, and infections adjudicated as highly probable viral or bacterial comprised the validation cohort.

resultsA total of 537 patients were analyzed: 136 patients were adjudicated with definitive viral infections and 131 patients with definitive bacterial infections. Using logistic regression analysis, an equation was developed to calculate the probability for bacterial infection using the absolute value of MxA and CRP. Calculated probability ≥ 0.5 and/or MxA to CRP ratio less than 2 applied as the diagnostic rule for bacterial infections. This rule provided 91.6% sensitivity and 90.4% negative predictive value for the diagnosis of bacterial infections. This diagnostic sensitivity was confirmed in the validation cohort. A MxA/CRP ratio less than 0.15 was associated with unfavorable outcome.

conclusionThe calculation of the probability for bacterial infection using MxA and CRP may efficiently discriminate between viral and bacterial respiratory infections.

Indexed as

Bacterial infectionCRPDiagnosisMxAViral infection

Identifiers

PMID38112973
PMCPMC10828347
OpenAlexW4389947998

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.