Illusory percepts of curvilinear self-motion when moving through crowds.

Self-motion generates optic flow, a pattern of expanding visual motion. Heading estimation from optic flow analysis is accurate in rigid environments, but it becomes challenging when other human walkers introduce independent motion to the scene. Previous studies showed that heading perception is surprisingly accurate when moving through a crowd of walkers but revealed strong heading biases when either articulation or translation of biological motion were presented in isolation. We hypothesized that these biases resulted from misperceiving the self-motion as curvilinear. Such errors might manifest as opposite biases depending on whether the observer perceived the crowd motion as indication of his/her self-translation or self-rotation. Our study investigated the link between heading biases and illusory path perception. Participants assessed heading and path perception while observing optic flow stimuli with varying walker movements. Self-motion perception was accurate during natural locomotion (articulation and translation), but significant heading biases occurred when walkers only articulated or translated. In this case, participants often reported a curved path of travel. Heading error and curvature pointed in opposite directions. On average, participants perceived the walker motion as evidence for viewpoint rotation leading to curvilinear path percepts.