ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2024
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of neurofilament light chain protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in multiple sclerosis subtypes and disease activity patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- The Crossroads of Neuroinflammation and Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review.Cells · 2026Pooled it
- Rituximab in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2024Pooled it
- The Role of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Biomarker in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Pooled it
- Serum GFAP and Age Accurately Distinguish AQP4-IgG Positive and Double Seronegative NMOSD From MOGAD After a Recent Attack.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- French expert opinion on the long-term management of relapsing multiple sclerosis with cladribine tablets beyond year 4.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- From measurement to biomarker trajectories: platform-agnostic Z score analysis of serum NfL and GFAP in ocrelizumab-treated multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- GFAP and NfL as predictors of disease progression and relapse activity in fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- A framework for blood biomarker discovery in MS.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Review
- Dimethyl Fumarate, But Not Rituximab, Reduces Serum GFAP Levels and PIRMA in Relapsing-Remitting MS.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Biomarkers in Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis Polyneuropathy.Journal of the peripheral nervous system : JPNS · 2026Article
- Serum Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as Differential Biomarkers of Response to Dimethyl Fumarate and Ocrelizumab in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Advanced immunotherapy across diseases and the role of artificial intelligence: A review.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2026Review
- Brain age gap in multiple sclerosis: associated with disability but independent of serum biomarkers.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Deep learning in imaging analysis for multiple sclerosis: Diagnosis and monitoring.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Biomarker discovery using NUcleic Acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay in multiple sclerosis patients experiencing progression independent of relapse activity.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Plasma CHI3L1 associates with brain volume loss and glial activation in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Blood biomarkers for predicting disability worsening in progressive multiple sclerosis: a multinational, individual participant-level analysis.Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry · 2025Article
- Performance of Composite Endpoints Defining Progression Independent of Relapse Activity in Multiple Sclerosis.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2025Article
- Advancing multiple sclerosis management in older adults.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 10 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveProgression prediction is a significant unmet need in people with progressive multiple sclerosis (pwPMS). Studies on glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) have either been limited to single center with relapsing MS or were based solely on Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), which limits its generalizability to state-of-the-art clinical settings and trials applying combined outcome parameters.
methodsSerum GFAP and NfL (neurofilament light chain) were investigated in EmBioProMS participants with primary (PP) or secondary progressive MS. Six months confirmed disability progression (CDP) was defined using combined outcome parameters (EDSS, timed-25-foot walk test (T25FW), and nine-hole-peg-test (9HPT)).
results243 subjects (135 PPMS, 108 SPMS, age 55.5, IQR [49.7-61.2], 135 female, median follow-up: 29.3 months [17.9-40.9]) were included. NfL (age-) and GFAP (age- and sex-) adjusted Z scores were higher in pwPMS compared to HC (p < 0.001 for both). 111 (32.8%) CDP events were diagnosed in participants with ≥3 visits (n = 169). GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP in participants with low NfL Z score (i.e., ≤1.0) (HR: 2.38 [1.12-5.08], p = 0.025). In PPMS, GFAP Z score >3 was associated with higher risk for CDP (HR: 2.88 [1.21-6.84], p = 0.016). Risk was further increased in PPMS subjects with high GFAP when NfL is low (HR: 4.31 [1.53-12.13], p = 0.006).
interpretationBlood GFAP may help identify pwPPMS at risk of progression. Combination of high GFAP and low NfL levels could distinguish non-active pwPMS with particularly high progression risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.