Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38110979›Full record

ArticleImplementation science : IS2023

Addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in rural community pharmacies: a protocol for a stepped wedge randomized clinical trial.

Geoffrey Curran, Cynthia Mosley, Abigail Gamble, Jacob Painter, Songthip Ounpraseuth, Noel T Brewer, Ben Teeter, Megan Smith, Jacquie Halladay, Tamera Hughes and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Implementation science : IS, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05926544 (Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Rural Community Pharmacies Reducing Disparities Through an Implementation Science Approach), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT05926544 naterminatednot on this map

Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Rural Community Pharmacies Reducing Disparities Through an Implementation Science Approach

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of North Carolina, Chapel HillRan2023 to 2024Enrolled16ConditionsCOVID-19ArmsStandard implementation webinar and online training, Virtual facilitation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Geoffrey CurranCenter for Implementation Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA. currangeoffreym@uams.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-3464-8422
Cynthia MosleyCenter for Implementation Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Abigail GambleEshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Jacob PainterPharmaceutical Evaluation and Policy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Songthip OunpraseuthDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Noel T BrewerDepartment of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Ben TeeterCenter for Implementation Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Megan SmithCenter for Implementation Research, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Jacquie HalladayDepartment of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Tamera HughesEshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
J Greene ShepherdEshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Tessa HastingsDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Outcomes Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Kit SimpsonDepartment of Health Care Leadership and Management, College of Health Professions, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
Delesha CarpenterEshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

Funding

Expanding Translational Research in ArkansasUL1TR003107 · NCATS · UNIV OF ARKANSAS FOR MED SCIS · PI JAMES, LAURA P · 2019 to 2023
$21.6M
Addressing COVID 19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Rural Community Pharmacies Reducing Disparities Through an Implementation Science ApproachR01MD016992 · NIMHD · UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL · PI CARPENTER, DELESHA MILLER, CURRAN, GEOFFREY M · 2022 to 2024
$1.9M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR003107NIMHD NIH HHS R01 MD016992NIMHD NIH HHS R01MD016992
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUptake of COVID-19 vaccines remains problematically low in the USA, especially in rural areas. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is associated with lower uptake, which translates to higher susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 variants in communities where vaccination coverage is low. Because community pharmacists are among the most accessible and trusted health professionals in rural areas, this randomized clinical trial will examine implementation strategies to support rural pharmacists in delivering an adapted evidence-based intervention to reduce COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.

methodsWe will use an incomplete stepped wedge trial design in which we will randomize 30 rural pharmacies (unit of analysis) to determine the effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness of a standard implementation approach (consisting of online training that describes the vaccine hesitancy intervention, live webinar, and resource website) compared to adding on a virtual facilitation approach (provided by a trained facilitator in support of the delivery of the vaccine hesitancy counseling intervention by pharmacists). The intervention (ASORT) has been adapted from an evidence-based vaccine communication intervention for HPV vaccines through a partnership with rural pharmacies in a practice-based research network in seven southern US states. ASORT teaches pharmacists how to identify persons eligible for COVID-19 vaccination (including a booster), solicit and address vaccine concerns in a non-confrontational way, recommend the vaccine, and repeat the steps later if needed. The primary trial outcome is fidelity to the ASORT intervention, which will be determined through ratings of recordings of pharmacists delivering the intervention. The secondary outcome is the effectiveness of the intervention, determined by rates of patients who agree to be vaccinated after receiving the intervention. Other secondary outcomes include feasibility, acceptability, adoption, reach, and cost. Cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses will be conducted to maximize the potential for future dissemination and sustainability. Mixed methods will provide triangulation, expansion, and explanation of quantitative findings. DISCUSSION: This trial contributes to a growing evidence base on vaccine hesitancy interventions and virtual-only facilitation of evidenced-based practices in community health settings. The trial will provide the first estimate of the relative value of different implementation strategies in pharmacy settings.

trial registrationNCT05926544 (clinicaltrials.gov); 07/03/2023.

Indexed as

COVID-19PharmaciesVaccinesCOVID-19 VaccinesHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicSARS-CoV-2COVID-19 VaccinesVaccinesCommunicationCommunity pharmaciesCOVID-19Implementation scienceImplementation strategiesRuralVaccine hesitancy

Identifiers

PMID38110979
PMCPMC10726603

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.