ArticleBMJ open2023
Adverse COVID-19 outcomes in American Veterans with age-related macular degeneration: a case-control study.
Article in BMJ open, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strabismus and Strabismus Surgery in the U.S. Veterans Health Administration: Foundational Analyses of Electronic Health Record Data from 2000 to 2022.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesPrior studies suggest that patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) have poorer COVID-19 outcomes. This study aims to evaluate whether AMD is associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in a large clinical database.
designCase-control study.
settingWe obtained demographic and clinical data from a national US Veterans Affairs (VA) database for all Veterans aged 50 years or older with positive COVID-19 testing prior to 2 May 2021. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was hospitalisation. Secondary outcome measures were intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation and death. Potential associations between AMD and outcome measures occurring within 60 days of COVID-19 diagnosis were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analyses.
resultsOf the 171 325 patients in the study cohort, 7913 (5%) had AMD and 2152 (1%) had severe AMD, defined as advanced atrophic or exudative AMD disease coding. Multiple logistic regression adjusting for age, Charlson Comorbidity Index, sex, race, ethnicity and COVID-19 timing showed that an AMD diagnosis did not significantly increase the odds of hospitalisation (p=0.11). Using a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.006, AMD and severe AMD also were not significant predictors for the secondary outcomes, except for AMD being modestly protective for death (p=0.002).
conclusionsAfter adjusting for other variables, neither AMD nor severe AMD was a risk factor for adverse COVID-19 outcomes in the VA healthcare system. These findings indicate that an AMD diagnosis alone should not alter recommended ophthalmic management based on COVID-19 adverse outcome risk.
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