ArticleJournal of experimental orthopaedics2023
The quest for optimal femoral torsion angle measurements: a comparative advanced 3D study defining the femoral neck axis.
Article in Journal of experimental orthopaedics, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deep-Learning System for Automatic Measurement of the Femorotibial Rotational Angle on Lower-Extremity Computed Tomography.Journal of imaging informatics in medicine · 2026Article
- The implementation of the femoral neck surgical central axis guide pins to establish the stable implanting-screws spatial coordinate system.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Article
- Article
- Influence of limb position on femoral neck anteversion angle measurement during computed tomography imaging.Asia-Pacific journal of sports medicine, arthroscopy, rehabilitation and technology · 2025Article
- The rise of hip research in theJournal of experimental orthopaedics · 2025Article
- Radiological assessment of lower limb torsional deformities: a narrative review.Annals of joint · 2025Review
- A surface registration-based approach for assessment of 3D angles in guided growth interventions in the growing femur.Journal of experimental orthopaedics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThere is high variability in femoral torsion, measured on two-dimensional (2D) computed tomography (CT) scans. The aim of this study was to find a reliable three-dimensional (3D) femoral torsion measurement method, assess the influence of CAM deformity on femoral torsion measurement, and to promote awareness for the used measurement method.
methods3D models of 102 dry femur specimens were divided into a CAM and non-CAM group. Femoral torsion was measured by one 2D-CT method described by Murphy et al. (method 0) and five 3D methods. The 3D methods differed in strategies to define the femoral neck axis. Method 1 is based on an elliptical least-square fit at the middle of the femoral neck. Methods 2 and 3 defined the centre of mass of the entire femoral neck and of the most cylindrical part, respectively. Methods 4 and 5 were based on the intersection of the femoral neck with a 25% and 40% enlarged best fit sphere of the femoral head.
results3D methods resulted in higher femoral torsion measures than the 2D method; the mean torsion for method 0 was 8.12° ± 7.30°, compared to 9.93° ± 8.24° (p < 0.001), 13.21° ± 8.60° (p < 0.001), 8.21° ± 7.64° (p = 1.00), 9.53° ± 7.87° (p < 0.001) and 10.46° ± 7.83° (p < 0.001) for methods 1 to 5 respectively. In the presence of a CAM, torsion measured with method 4 is consistently smaller than measured with method 5.
conclusion2D measurement might underestimate true femoral torsion and there is a difference up to 5°. There is a tendency for a higher mean torsion in hips with a CAM deformity. Methods 4 and 5 are the most robust techniques. However, method 4 might underestimate femoral torsion if a CAM deformity is present. Since method 5 is independent of a CAM deformity, it is the preferred technique to define expected values of torsion.
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