ArticleJournal of diabetes investigation2024
Estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese populations.
Article in Journal of diabetes investigation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- An Apparent Association of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease with High Levels of Estimated Small Dense LDL Cholesterol in a Japanese Population.Journal of atherosclerosis and thrombosis · 2026Article
- Superior prognostic value of estimated small dense LDL cholesterol for cardiovascular risk assessment: evidence from international cohort studies.Lipids in health and disease · 2025Article
- What is new in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease?Journal of diabetes investigation · 2025Review
- Estimated sdLDL-C as a biomarker of hepatic steatosis severity in MASLD: a retrospective study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Association of estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol with diabetes mellitus: a large-scale multicenter retrospective cohort study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2025Article
- Estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and the risk of kidney and cardiovascular outcomes in diabetic kidney disease.Renal failure · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
AIMS/
introductionTo explore the association between estimated small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and the risk of incident nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in nonobese populations. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis study included participants who underwent health checkups in 2014 and were followed up until 2019. We carried out Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to evaluate the association of estimated sdLDL-C with NAFLD. Discordance analyses were carried out to estimate the relative NAFLD risk in estimated sdLDL-C versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) discordant/concordant groups. Estimated sdLDL-C was calculated by equations based on LDL-C and triglycerides. The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on the presence of abdominal ultrasonography after excluding other causes of chronic liver disease.
resultsOver a mean follow-up period of 26,694 person-years, 844 incident NAFLD cases were recorded. Compared with the first quartile of estimated sdLDL-C, the fourth quartile was associated with a 2.933-fold increased risk of NAFLD (95% confidence interval 2.095-4.107). With the increase in estimated sdLDL-C, the risk of NAFLD gradually increased both in participants within the normal range of LDL-C (hazard ratio 2.854, 95% confidence interval 1.650-5.617) and beyond the normal range of LDL-C (hazard ratio 2.636, 95% confidence interval 1.263-5.502). In addition, the inconsistent high estimated sdLDL-C/low LDL-C group was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD, but not the low estimated sdLDL-C/high LDL-C group.
conclusionsEstimated sdLDL-C was positively associated with the risk of incident NAFLD in a nonobese population, independent of LDL-C.
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