ReviewCurrent research in physiology2023
Physiological and performance effects of live high train low altitude training for elite endurance athletes: A narrative review.
Review in Current research in physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Increased oxygen demand during exercise as a stimulus for neuroprotection: A working hypothesis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Training and Preparation Methods Relevant to Elite 5000 m Track Performance: A Systematic Review.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Comparative effects of high-intensity interval training at low and moderate altitudes on 5000-m performance and perceptual responses: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- Live high, train smart: translating altitude physiology to best practice with mechanistic insights.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Hematological, inflammatory, and hypoxia-responsive adaptations to 18-day normobaric live high-train low training in elite rowers.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- High-altitude mountaineering induces adaptive gut microbiome shifts associated with dietary intake and performance markers.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Neurological Manifestations Associated with Exercise at Altitude.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Women in the triathlon-the differences between female and male triathletes: a narrative review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Review
- Article
- Technical classification of professional cycling stages using unsupervised learning: implications for performance variability.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Intelligent monitoring and individualized strategies for preventing altitude sickness during altitude training.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Impact of Low Altitude-Hilly Terrain on Pulmonary Health in Young Adults: A Gender-Based Spirometric Analysis.Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences · 2024Article
- Survival rates at one and five years for patients with group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension at high altitude: A retrospective cohort study.Science progressArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Altitude training has become an important training application for athletes due its potential for altering physiology and enhancing performance. This practice is commonly used by athletes, with a popular choice being the live high - train low approach. This model recommends that athletes live at high altitude (1250-3000 m), but train at low altitude or sea-level (0-1200 m). Exposure to altitude often leads to hypoxic stress and in turn stimulates changes in total haemoglobin mass, erythropoietin, and soluble transferrin receptors, which alter further underlying physiology. Through enhanced physiology, improved exercise performance may arise through enhancement of the oxygen transport system which is important for endurance events. Previous investigations into the effects of altitude training on exercise performance have been completed in a range of contexts, including running, cycling, swimming, and triathlon. Often following a LHTL altitude intervention, athletes realise improvements in maximal oxygen consumption capacity, time trial performance and peak power outputs. Although heterogeneity exists among LHTL methodologies, i.e., exposure durations and altitude ranges, we synthesised this data into kilometre hours, and found that the most common hypoxic doses used in LHTL interventions ranged from ∼578-687 km h. As this narrative review demonstrates, there are potential advantages to using altitude training to enhance physiology and improve performance for endurance athletes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.