ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2023
Innate and Adaptive Cell-Mediated Immune Responses to a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Young Children.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune Responses to Influenza Infection in Children.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The recombinant zoster vaccine induces trained immunity in monocytes through persistent downregulation of TGFβ.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background: There is little information on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in children. We studied adaptive and innate CMI in vaccinated children aged 6 to 60 months. Methods: Blood obtained from participants in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of an mRNA vaccine before and 1 month after the first dose was used for antibody measurements and CMI (flow cytometry). Results: We enrolled 29 children with a mean age of 28.5 months (SD, 15.7). Antibody studies revealed that 10 participants were infected with SARS-CoV-2 prevaccination. Ex vivo stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides showed significant increases pre- to postimmunization of activated conventional CD4+ and γδ T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, and conventional dendritic cells but not mucosa-associated innate T cells. Conventional T-cell, monocyte, and conventional dendritic cell responses in children were higher immediately after vaccination than after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The fold increase in CMI pre- to postvaccination did not differ between children previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 and those uninfected. Conclusions: Children aged 6 to 60 months who were vaccinated with a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine developed robust CMI responses, including adaptive and innate immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.