ReviewFrontiers in immunology2023
PD-1 and PD-L1: architects of immune symphony and immunotherapy breakthroughs in cancer treatment.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 171 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of first-line treatment in driver gene-negative non-small cell lung cancer with liver metastases: a Bayesian network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- ERO1α as a Potential Drug Target for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Unlocking glioblastoma: breakthroughs in molecular mechanisms and next-generation therapies.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Updated Bayesian network meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of PD-1 versus PD-L1 inhibitors in first-line treatment with chemotherapy for extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Pooled it
- Targeted Cepharanthine-Mediated Dual-Pathway Inhibition Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer to Gemcitabine.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Fgl-1 promotes the progression of endometrial adenocarcinoma through PI3K/AKT signal pathway.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Integrated Machine Learning and Molecular Simulation-Guided Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule PD-L1 Inhibitors.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- microRNAs as Regulators of the Immune Response and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications in Cancer.Non-coding RNA · 2026Review
- Ceralasertib Plus Durvalumab in Chinese Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Nonrandomized Clinical Trial.Oncology and therapy · 2026Article
- M2 Macrophage Polarization Characterizes an Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Extracranial Arteriovenous Malformations.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1) association in metastatic and non-metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Targeting mir130b-IL-33-PD-L1 axis effectively inhibits esophageal squamous carcinoma progression.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in multiple myeloma.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Observational
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive Pathways in Cutaneous Melanoma: Functional Integration Between PD-1 and CD73 and Therapeutic Implications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Proteomic stratification reveals immune metabolic heterogeneity in lung adenocarcinoma.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- The role of tumor metabolic reprogramming in acquired anti-PD-1/PD-L1 resistance.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- Antigen-boosted CD4CAR T cells fail to expand or control viremia in multiple nonhuman primate models of HIV.Blood · 2026Article
- Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome: Clinical Features, Immunogenetic Predisposition and PD-1 Inhibitor-Induced Forms-A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Immunoexpression of programmed death receptor 1 and its ligands in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal · 2026Article
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PD-1 (Programmed Cell Death Protein-1) and PD-L1 (Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1) play a crucial role in regulating the immune system and preventing autoimmunity. Cancer cells can manipulate this system, allowing them to escape immune detection and promote tumor growth. Therapies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have transformed cancer treatment and have demonstrated significant effectiveness against various cancer types. This study delves into the structure and signaling dynamics of PD-1 and its ligands PD-L1/PD-L2, the diverse PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and their efficacy, and the resistance observed in some patients. Furthermore, this study explored the challenges associated with the PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor treatment approach. Recent advancements in the combination of immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiation, and surgical procedures to enhance patient outcomes have also been highlighted. Overall, this study offers an in-depth overview of the significance of PD-1/PD-L1 in cancer immunotherapy and its future implications in oncology.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.