Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38104600›Full record

ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2024

Order and change in art: towards an active inference account of aesthetic experience.

Sander Van de Cruys, Jacopo Frascaroli, Karl Friston

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Music as a scientific metaphor for mind and brain.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. The perceptual primacy of feeling: Affectless visual machines explain a majority of variance in human visually evoked affect.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Fluency, prediction and motivation: how processing dynamics, expectations and epistemic goals shape aesthetic judgements.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  10. Aesthetics and predictive processing: grounds and prospects of a fruitful encounter.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Article
  11. Metaphors or mechanism? Predictive coding and a (brief) history of empirical study of the arts.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  12. Predicting instabilities: an embodied perspective on unstable experiences with art and design.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.

Sander Van de CruysAntwerp Social Laboratory, University of Antwerp, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium.ORCID 0000-0003-4831-7800
Jacopo FrascaroliDepartment of Psychology, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2517-7158
Karl FristonThe Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7984-8909
University of Antwerp · BEUniversity of Turin · ITWellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging · GB

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

How to account for the power that art holds over us? Why do artworks touch us deeply, consoling, transforming or invigorating us in the process? In this paper, we argue that an answer to this question might emerge from a fecund framework in cognitive science known as predictive processing (a.k.a. active inference). We unpack how this approach connects sense-making and aesthetic experiences through the idea of an 'epistemic arc', consisting of three parts (curiosity, epistemic action and aha experiences), which we cast as aspects of active inference. We then show how epistemic arcs are built and sustained by artworks to provide us with those satisfying experiences that we tend to call 'aesthetic'. Next, we defuse two key objections to this approach; namely, that it places undue emphasis on the cognitive component of our aesthetic encounters-at the expense of affective aspects-and on closure and uncertainty minimization (order)-at the expense of openness and lingering uncertainty (change). We show that the approach offers crucial resources to account for the open-ended, free and playful behaviour inherent in aesthetic experiences. The upshot is a promising but deflationary approach, both philosophically informed and psychologically sound, that opens new empirical avenues for understanding our aesthetic encounters. This article is part of the theme issue 'Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives'.

Indexed as

LepidopteraTouch PerceptionAnimalsCognitive ScienceEstheticsExploratory BehaviorUncertaintyactive inferenceaha experiencecuriosityneuroaestheticspredictive processingpsycho-aesthetics

Identifiers

PMID38104600
PMCPMC10725768
OpenAlexW4389861197

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.