ReviewJournal of hematology & oncology2023
Harnessing immunotherapy for brain metastases: insights into tumor-brain microenvironment interactions and emerging treatment modalities.
Review in Journal of hematology & oncology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lactate-activated astrocytes promote NSCLC brain metastasis through extracellular vesicle-mediated miR-8085/TRIM67/ELK1 signaling axis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Systemic inflammatory indices as accessible biomarkers for intracranial outcome and prognosis in driver gene-negative NSCLC with brain metastases treated with first-line chemoimmunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Solitary Brain Metastasis From Hepatocellular Carcinoma Masquerading as Acute Ischaemic Stroke: Radiological Diagnosis and Clinical Implications.Case reports in radiology · 2026Article
- Diversity and function of tumor-associated macrophages in brain metastases: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mucosal immunity in cancer metastasis: roles, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Modulating the pace: systemic targeted therapy, brain metastasis velocity, and outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery in breast cancer brain metastases.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- Immune response recalibration using immune therapy and biomimetic nano-therapy against high-grade gliomas and brain metastases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Microwave ablation for small papillary thyroid carcinomas: clinical outcomes and thyroid function preservation.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Density and entropy of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment of primary tumors and matched brain metastases.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2025Article
- Pan-immune-inflammation value as an independent prognostic marker in patients with brain metastases.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Prediction of intracranial response to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors therapy in brain metastases originating from non-small cell lung cancer using habitat imaging and peritumoral radiomics: a multicenter study.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- PD-1 blockade does not improve efficacy of EpCAM-directed CAR T-cell in lung cancer brain metastasis.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Exploring the Molecular Tumor Microenvironment and Translational Biomarkers in Brain Metastases of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Environment-responsive dendrobium polysaccharide hydrogel embedding manganese microsphere as a post-operative adjuvant to boost cascaded immune cycle against melanoma.Theranostics · 2024Article
- Case report: Immunotherapy guided by molecular profiling of tumors: illustrative cases and literature review.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Brain metastases signify a deleterious milestone in the progression of several advanced cancers, predominantly originating from lung, breast and melanoma malignancies, with a median survival timeframe nearing six months. Existing therapeutic regimens yield suboptimal outcomes; however, burgeoning insights into the tumor microenvironment, particularly the immunosuppressive milieu engendered by tumor-brain interplay, posit immunotherapy as a promising avenue for ameliorating brain metastases. In this review, we meticulously delineate the research advancements concerning the microenvironment of brain metastases, striving to elucidate the panorama of their onset and evolution. We encapsulate three emergent immunotherapeutic strategies, namely immune checkpoint inhibition, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell transplantation and glial cell-targeted immunoenhancement. We underscore the imperative of aligning immunotherapy development with in-depth understanding of the tumor microenvironment and engendering innovative delivery platforms. Moreover, the integration with established or avant-garde physical methodologies and localized applications warrants consideration in the prevailing therapeutic schema.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.