Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38102846›Full record

ArticleInquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing

Financial Performance is Associated With PPE Shortages in Chain-Affiliated Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study.

Yejin Kang, Samuel V David, John R Bowblis, Orna Intrator, Brian Downer, Chih-Ying Li, James S Goodwin, Huiwen Xu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Changes in Federal and State Policies on Visitation Restrictions in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Nursing home visitor policy and COVID-19 infection rates.American journal of infection control · 2025
    Article
  3. Association of Racial and Ethnic Composition with Staff Levels in Nursing Homes: 2013-2019.Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Yejin KangUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Samuel V DavidUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
John R BowblisMiami University, Oxford, OH, USA.
Orna IntratorUniversity of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
Brian DownerUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Chih-Ying LiUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4817-554X
James S GoodwinUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Huiwen XuUniversity of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4033-0659

Funding

UTMB Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001439 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI URBAN, RANDALL J · 2015 to 2024
$40.0M
UTMB OAIC Research Education Component (REC)P30AG024832 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MEDICAL BR GALVESTON · PI JAMES S. GOODWIN, MD, MELISSA M. MORROW · 2005 to 2026
$26.7M
The effectiveness and consequences of visitation bans in nursing homesR01AG081282 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI Huiwen Xu · 2023 to 2026
$1.5M
Alzheimer's Special Care Units in Nursing Homes: Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Resident Outcomes, and State PoliciesR01AG087296 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Huiwen Xu · 2024 to 2026
$1.2M
Standardized Patient Assessment across Post-Acute Care: Opportunities and ChallengesK01HD101589 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI LI, CHIH-YING · 2020 to 2024
$632k
Improvement in Patients' Cognition and Relationship with SNF Quality MeasuresK01AG058789 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI DOWNER, BRIAN GREGORY · 2019 to 2023
$613k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NIA NIH HHS K01 AG058789NIA NIH HHS P30 AG024832NIA NIH HHS R01 AG081282NIA NIH HHS R01 AG087296NICHD NIH HHS K01 HD101589
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Many nursing homes operated at thin profit margins prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examines the role of nursing homes' financial performance and chain affiliation in shortages of personal protection equipment (PPE) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We constructed a longitudinal file of 79 868 nursing home-week observations from 10 872 unique facilities. We found that a positive profit margin was associated with a 21.0% lower probability of reporting PPE shortages in chain-affiliated nursing homes, but not in non-chain nursing homes. Having adequate financial resources may help nursing homes address future emergencies, especially those affiliated with a multi-facility chain.

Indexed as

COVID-19HumansLongitudinal StudiesNursing HomesPandemicsPersonal Protective Equipmentchain affiliationCOVID-19 pandemicfinancial performancenursing homesPPE shortage

Identifiers

PMID38102846
PMCPMC10725134

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.