SynthesisPopulation health management2024
Expanding the Catalog of Patient and Caregiver Out-of-Pocket Costs: A Systematic Literature Review.
Synthesis in Population health management, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differences in Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Healthcare Services Among Medicare Beneficiaries by Demographics.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Employment and financial experiences in millennial family caregivers.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- "It may cost you your money, it costs you your life": a framework for financial hardship in dementia.The Gerontologist · 2025Article
- Acceptability of a Web-Based Financial Education Intervention for Latino Caregivers: Mixed Methods Evaluation.JMIR formative research · 2025Article
- Out-of-pocket Costs and Total Payments for Common Congenital Hand Difference Procedures.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Assessing the Noninferiority of a Rhythm and Language Training Serious Game Combined With Speech Therapy Versus Speech Therapy Care for Children With Dyslexia: Protocol for an Investigator-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Financial burden after brain tumor diagnosis: The cost of disease for patients and caregivers.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Article
- An Access-Focused Patient-Centric Value Assessment Framework for Medication Formulary Decision-Making in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.Advances in therapy · 2025Article
- Economic Evidence on Cost Sharing and Alternative Insurance Designs to Address Moral and Behavioral Hazards in High-Income Health Care Systems: A Systematic Review.Journal of market access & health policy · 2024Review
- Factors Predicting Financial Burden Among Family Caregivers of Dependent Stroke Survivors in Selected Tertiary Care Hospitals: A Study From Thailand.SAGE open nursingArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Out-of-pocket (OOP) health care expenditures in the United States have increased significantly in the past 5 decades. Most research on OOP costs focuses on expenditures related to insurance and cost-sharing payments or on costs related to specific conditions or settings, and does not capture the full picture of the financial burden on patients and unpaid caregivers. The aim for this systematic literature review was to identify and categorize the multitude of OOP costs to patients and unpaid caregivers, aid in the development of a more comprehensive catalog of OOP costs, and highlight potential gaps in the literature. The authors found that OOP costs are multifarious and underestimated. Across 817 included articles, the authors identified 31 subcategories of OOP costs related to direct medical (eg, insurance premiums), direct nonmedical (eg, transportation), and indirect spending (eg, absenteeism). In addition, 42% of articles studied an expenditure that the authors did not label as "OOP." A holistic and comprehensive catalog of OOP costs can inform future research, interventions, and policies related to financial barriers to health care in the United States to ensure the full range of costs for patients and unpaid caregivers are acknowledged and addressed.
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Registered trials
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