Trial reportHepatology communications2024
A randomized trial of mailed outreach with behavioral economic interventions to improve liver cancer surveillance.
Trial report in Hepatology communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance: a health economic evaluation.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2026Review
- Shifts in Cohort Eligibility With Deimplementation of Race-specific Guidance for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance.Gastro hep advances · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness of an outreach program for HCC screening in patients with cirrhosis: a microsimulation modeling study.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- Health disparities in cirrhosis care and liver transplantation.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Increasing screening for breast cancer using a randomized evaluation of electronic health record nudges: Design and rationale of the I-screen clinical trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Article
- Clinicians' Use of Choice Framing in ICU Family Meetings.Critical care medicine · 2024Article
- Screening for Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Survival in Patients With Cirrhosis After Hepatitis C Virus Cure.JAMA network open · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSurveillance rates for HCC remain limited in patients with cirrhosis. We evaluated whether opt-out mailed outreach increased uptake with or without a $20 unconditional incentive.
methodsThis was a pragmatic randomized controlled trial in an urban academic health system including adult patients with cirrhosis or advanced fibrosis, at least 1 visit to a specialty practice in the past 2 years and no surveillance in the last 7 months. Patients were randomized in a 1:2:2 ratio to (1) usual care, (2) a mailed letter with a signed order for an ultrasound, or (3) a mailed letter with an order and a $20 unconditional incentive. The main outcome was the proportion with completion of ultrasound within 6 months.
resultsAmong the 562 patients included, the mean age was 62.1 (SD 11.1); 56.8% were male, 51.1% had Medicare, and 40.6% were Black. At 6 months, 27.6% (95% CI: 19.5-35.7) completed ultrasound in the Usual care arm, 54.5% (95% CI: 47.9-61.0) in the Letter + Order arm, and 54.1% (95% CI: 47.5-60.6) in the Letter + Order + Incentive arm. There was a significant increase in the Letter + Order arm compared to Usual care (absolute difference of 26.9%; 95% CI: 16.5-37.3; p<0.001), but no significant increase in the Letter + Order + Incentive arm compared to Letter + Order (absolute difference of -0.4; 95% CI: -9.7 to 8.8; p=0.93).
conclusionsThere was an increase in HCC surveillance from mailed outreach with opt-out framing and a signed order slip, but no increase in response to the financial incentive.
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