ArticleAlcohol, clinical & experimental research2024
High test-retest reliability of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) questionnaire completed by primary care patients in routine care.
Article in Alcohol, clinical & experimental research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
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- Preoperative Health During a Pandemic: An Observational Study Assessing Lifestyle Changes in Patients Associated With COVID-19 in Western Australia.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders in Primary Care: Use of Office Champions Model to Address Alcohol Use.Annals of family medicine · 2026Article
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- Reducing alcohol-associated liver disease burden in the general population.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- The use of alcohol-free and low-alcohol drinks in pregnancy in the UK.European journal of public health · 2025Article
- Alcohol consumption reported on routine healthcare screenings is associated with all-cause mortality in primary care patients: A retrospective cohort study.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- One in 4 transplant hepatologists in the United States screens positive for unhealthy alcohol use.Hepatology communications · 2025Article
- Physician Empathy as Perceived by Parents of Children with Psychiatric Disorders: A Quantitative Analysis of Pediatric Consultations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Social determinants of HIV status and viral load suppression among transgender women in South Africa: a cross-sectional analysis.AIDS care · 2025Article
- The association between changes in AUDIT-C scores and acute mental healthcare utilization over the next year in a primary care population.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2025Article
- Kickin' it with the Gurlz: An evaluation of an HIV status-neutral intervention designed to address violence and trauma among transgender women of color in Detroit.Psychology of violence · 2025Article
- Psychological distress, tobacco smoking and alcohol use: A population survey in Great Britain.Addictive behaviors reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) is a three-item screening measure of unhealthy alcohol use that is widely used in healthcare settings. Evidence shows high test-retest reliability of the AUDIT-C in research samples, but most studies had limited external validity and used small samples that could not be used to evaluate reliability across demographic subgroups and/or screening modalities. This study evaluates the test-retest reliability of the AUDIT-C completed in routine care in a large primary care sample, including across demographic subgroups defined by age, sex, race, ethnicity, and screening modality (i.e., completed in-clinic or online).
methodsWe used electronic health record (EHR) data from Kaiser Permanente Washington. The sample included 18,491 adult primary care patients who completed two AUDIT-C screens 1-21 days apart as part of routine care in 2021. Test-retest reliability was evaluated for AUDIT-C total scores (0-12) and for a binary measure indicating unhealthy alcohol use (scores ≥3 women, ≥4 men). Using previously established cutoffs, we interpreted reliability coefficients >0.75 as indicating "excellent" reliability.
resultsAUDIT-C screens completed in routine care and documented in EHRs had excellent test-retest reliability for total scores (ICC = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.87-0.87) and the binary indicator of unhealthy alcohol use (κ = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.78-0.80). Reliability coefficients were good to excellent across all demographic groups and for in-clinic and online modalities. Higher reliability was seen when both screens were completed through online patient portals (ICC = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.93-0.93) versus in-clinic (ICC = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.79-0.82) or when one screen was completed using each modality (ICC = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.82-0.83). Lower reliability was seen in American Indian/Alaska Native (ICC = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75-0.87) and multiracial individuals (ICC = 0.82, 95% 0.80-0.84).
conclusionsIn real-world routine care conditions, AUDIT-C screens have excellent test-retest reliability across demographic subgroups and modalities (online and in-clinic). Future research should examine why reliability varies slightly across modalities and demographic subgroups.
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